麻省理工大学：《生物材料——组织交互作用》教学讲义（英文版）spector intro

Massachusetts Institute of Technology yE图 Harvard medical school Brigham and women's hospital VA Boston Healthcare System 279J/3.96J/BE.441/HST522J BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTRODUCTION M. Spector, Ph D and I.v. Yannas, Ph D

Massachusetts In Massachusetts Institute of Technology stitute of Technology Harvard Medical School Harvard Medical School Brigham and Wo Brigham and Women’s Hospital men’s Hospital VA Boston Healthcare System VA Boston Healthcare System 2.79J/3.96J/BE.441/HST522J 2.79J/3.96J/BE.441/HST522J BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS: TISSUE INTERACTIONS: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION M. Spector, Ph.D. and I.V. Yannas, Ph.D. M. Spector, Ph.D. and I.V. Yannas, Ph.D

TISSUE Tissue is a biological structure made up of cells of the same type. Cells of the same phenotype(i.e, same genes expressed) An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated extracellular matrix acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body. There are four basic types of tissue: muscle, nerve, epithelia, and connective. An organ is a structure made up of 2 or more tissues

TISSUE • Tissue is a biological structure made up of cells is a biological structure made up of cells of the same type. of the same type. – – Cells of the same phenotype ( Cells of the same phenotype (i.e., same genes ., same genes expressed). expressed). – – An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated extracellular matrix acting together to associated extracellular matrix acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body. perform one or more specific functions in the body. – – There are four basic types of tissue: muscle, nerve, There are four basic types of tissue: muscle, nerve, epithelia, and connective. epithelia, and connective. – – An organ is a structure made up of 2 or more tissues. is a structure made up of 2 or more tissues

Articular Cartilage Extracellular latr / Cell 4 mm 10 um

Cell Extracellular Matrix 4 mm 10 µm Articular Cartilage

ENGINEERING Production of a product for human good using existing knowledge. Science is the process of acquisition of new knowledge. Technology is the means by which products are produced

ENGINEERING ENGINEERING • Production of a product for human good Production of a product for human good using existing knowledge. using existing knowledge. – Science Science is the process of acquisition of new is the process of acquisition of new knowledge. knowledge. –Technology Technology is the means by which products is the means by which products are produced. are produced

BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS Permanent versus absorbable biomaterials Roles of permanent biomaterials for the production of permanent implants versus the roles as absorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering

BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS -TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTERACTIONS Permanent versus Absorbable Biomaterials Permanent versus Absorbable Biomaterials • Roles of permanent biomaterials for the Roles of permanent biomaterials for the production of permanent implants versus production of permanent implants versus the roles as absorbable scaffolds for tissue the roles as absorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering engineering

BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS Effects of biomaterials on Tissue In bulk form Tissue formation Attachment Remodeling In Particle Molecular) Form Tissue degradation

BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS -TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTERACTIONS Effects of Biomaterials on Effects of Biomaterials on Tissue • In Bulk Form In Bulk Form –Tissue formation Tissue formation –Attachment Attachment –Remodeling Remodeling • In Particle (Molecular) Form In Particle (Molecular) Form –Tissue degradation Tissue degradation

BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS Effects of Biomaterials on cells In bulk form Cell attachment Cell proliferation(mitosis) Production of matrix molecules and enzymes(synthesis) Migration Contraction Release of pre-packaged reactive molecules(exocytosis In Particle(Molecular) Form Ingestion of particles(endocytosis)

BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS -TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTERACTIONS Effects of Biomaterials on Effects of Biomaterials on Cells • In Bulk Form In Bulk Form – Cell attachment Cell attachment – Cell proliferation ( Cell proliferation (mitosis mitosis ) – Production of matrix molecules and Production of matrix molecules and enzymes ( enzymes (synthesis synthesis ) – Migration Migration – Contraction Contraction – Release of pre Release of pre -packaged reactive packaged reactive molecules ( molecules (exocytosis exocytosis ) • In Particle (Molecular) Form In Particle (Molecular) Form – Ingestion of particles ( Ingestion of particles (endocytosis endocytosis )

BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS Permanent biomaterials ° Positive response Tissue attachment ° Adverse responses Contraction Reaction to particles; tissue destruction ° Passive response

BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS -TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTERACTIONS Permanent Biomaterials Permanent Biomaterials • Positive Response Positive Response –Tissue attachment Tissue attachment • Adverse Responses Adverse Responses –Contraction Contraction –Reaction to particles; Reaction to particles; tissue destruction tissue destruction • Passive Response Passive Response

Total Hip and Knee replacement Prostheses Images removed due to copyright considerations

Total Hip and Knee Replacement Prostheses Images removed d u e to co p yri g ht consi derations

BIOMATERIALS-TISSUE INTERACTIONS Permanent biomaterials ° Positive response Tissue attachment ° Adverse responses Contraction Reaction to particles; tissue destruction ° Passive response

BIOMATERIALS BIOMATERIALS -TISSUE INTERACTIONS INTERACTIONS Permanent Biomaterials Permanent Biomaterials • Positive Response Positive Response –Tissue attachment Tissue attachment • Adverse Responses Adverse Responses –Contraction Contraction –Reaction to particles; Reaction to particles; tissue destruction tissue destruction • Passive Response Passive Response