《西方经济学原理》（英文版）Chapter 10 Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition

ECSENOMICS Chapter 10 Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Oligopoly and Monopolistic Competition

ECSENOMICS Concentration Ratios Are Quantitative Measures of market Power 1-75 Figure 10-1 Concentration Measured by Value of Shipments in Manufacturing Industries, 1992 4 largest companies Next 4 largest companies Cigarettes 93% Household refrigerators Electric lightbulbs 86%6 Motor vehicl Screw products Tools, dies, and jigs Percent of total shipments McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Concentration Ratios Are Quantitative Measures of Market Power T-75 Figure 10-1

ECSENOMICS Collusive Oligopoly Looks much Like Monopoly T76 Figure 10-2 MC AC MR Quantity McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Collusive Oligopoly Looks Much Like Monopoly T-76 Figure 10-2

ECSENOMICS Monopolistic Competitors Produce Many Similar goods T-77 Figure 10-3 Monopolistic Competition before Entry MO G AC B A MR Quantit McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monopolistic Competitors Produce Many Similar Goods T-77 Figure 10-3

ECSENOMICS Free Entry of Numerous Monopolistic Competitors Wipes Out Profit 1-78 Figure 10-4 Monopolistic Competition after Entry MR Quantity McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Free Entry of Numerous Monopolistic Competitors Wipes Out Profit T-78 Figure 10-4

ECSENOMICS Firms Can Increase Their profits through Price Discrimination 1-79 Figure 10-5 (a) Old Customers (b) New Customers P·30 P,. 15 McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Firms Can Increase Their Profits through Price Discrimination T-79 Figure 10-5

ECSENOMICS 1 Monopolists Cause Economic Waste by Restricting Output T-80 Figure 10-6 200 (P*)150 E MC=AC 50 MR 2 (Q中 p McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monopolists Cause Economic Waste by Restricting Output T-80 Figure 10-6

ECSENOMICS Perfect Competition T-81 Figure 10-7 MO AC d 0 Quantity McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Perfect Competition T-81 Figure 10-7