《西方经济学原理》（英文版）Appendix 1 How to Read Graphs

ECSENOMICS Appendix 1 How to Read Graphs McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Appendix 1 How to Read Graphs

ECSENOMICS Six Possible pairs of food Machines production levels T-6 igure IA-1 Fi 150 120 6 E 0 Food McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Six Possible Pairs of Food￾Machines Production Levels T-6 Figure 1A-1

ECSENOMICS A Production-Possibility Frontier 1-7 Figure IA-2 The Production-Possibility frontier 150 120 40 Food McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. A Production-Possibility Frontier T-7 Figure 1A-2

ECSENOMICS Calculation of slope for Straight Lines 1-8 Figure 1A-3 (a) Inverse Relation (b) Direct Relation E X X McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculation of Slope for Straight Lines T-8 Figure 1A-3

ECSENOMICS so Steepness is not the Same as Slope T-9 Figure 1A-4 2 X 3 McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Steepness is not the Same as Slope T-9 Figure 1A-4

ECSENOMICS Tangent as Slope of Curved Line 1-10 Figure IA-5 H McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tangent as Slope of Curved Line T-10 Figure 1A-5

ECSENOMICS Different Slopes of Nonlinear curves T-11 Figure 1A-6 Zero s lope C D E X McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Different Slopes of Nonlinear Curves T-11 Figure 1A-6

ECSENOMICS Shift of curves t Versus Movement Along Curves 1-12 Figure IA-7 210 2120 2000 1990 10203040506 Food McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Shift of Curves Versus Movement Along Curves T-12 Figure 1A-7

ECSENOMICS Scatter Diagram of Consumption Function Shows Important macroeconomic Law T-13 Figure IA-8 7000 6000 85000 4000 23000 2000 1970 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Disposable income (billions of 19y6 dollars) McGraw-Hilllrwin CopyrightC 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Scatter Diagram of Consumption Function Shows Important Macroeconomic Law T-13 Figure 1A-8