电子科技大学：《神经信息学基础 The Basis of Neuroinformatics》研究生课程教学资源（课件讲稿）第3章 视觉的神经机制与计算模型（3.7）选择性注意机制与模型

目录 /956 一、 视觉系统的形态学 二、经典感受野与非经典感受野 三、视网膜的组成与信息处理 ◆ 四、外膝体的组成与信息处理 ■五、视皮层细胞的反应特性和视觉功能 ■六、 视觉系统中的串行与平行处理机制 ■七、选择性注意机制与模型 ■八、立体视觉模型 ·九、神经信息整合作用

目 录  一、视觉系统的形态学  二、经典感受野与非经典感受野  三、视网膜的组成与信息处理  四、外膝体的组成与信息处理  五、视皮层细胞的反应特性和视觉功能  六、视觉系统中的串行与平行处理机制  七、选择性注意机制与模型  八、立体视觉模型  九、神经信息整合作用

/96 Everyone knows what attention is.It is the taking possession by the mind,in clear and vivid form,of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought.Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence.It implies withdrawal from William James some things in order to deal effectively (1842-1910) with others.” 美国心理学之父 ---Principle of Psychology,1890 (注意就是以牺牲对与行为无关的信息的处理为代 价，使当前与行为直接相关的重要信息占有大脑的 主要处理资源，从而获得最为有效的加工和表征)

William James (1842 – 1910) 美国心理学之父 “Everyone knows what attention is. It is the taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others .” ---Principle of Psychology, 1890 （注意就是以牺牲对与行为无关的信息的处理为代 价，使当前与行为直接相关的重要信息占有大脑的 主要处理资源，从而获得最为有效的加工和表征 ）

Attention is... /986 ◆An attitude of mind ◆ Some form of energy or desire involving will or effort Relative proportion of activated traces to all memory traces-active workspace An allocation of resources .A spotlight,a selective attenuator ◆A filter

Attention is...  An attitude of mind  Some form of energy or desire involving will or effort  Relative proportion of activated traces to all memory traces – active workspace  An allocation of resources  A spotlight, a selective attenuator  A filter  ……

眼动轨迹分析Yarbust(1967)(19141986,前苏联心理学家) /986 试验指出： 在观察静止图像时， 我们的注意力并不是 均匀地分配于图像的 各个区域，而是更多 地集中于对于迟别和 感知具有更重要意义 的区域。 注视点移动轨迹

眼动轨迹分析 Yarbus(1967) (1914-1986,前苏联心理学家) 试验指出： 在观察静止图像时, 我们的注意力并不是 均匀地分配于图像的 各个区域，而是更多 地集中于对于识别和 感知具有更重要意义 的区域

The unexpected visitor 1956

The unexpected visitor

/96 Alfred Yarbus (1914-1986) Free Examine What are the material What are circumstances of the their ages? family? 3 What were they doing Remember before arrival? the clothes 5 Remember object How long has the and person positions unexpected visitor been away? 6

Alfred Yarbus （1914-1986 ） Free Examine What are the material circumstances of the family? What are their ages? What were they doing before arrival? Remember the clothes Remember object and person positions How long has the unexpected visitor been away?

Sequence of fixations of a person making a peanut butter sandwich. The first fixation is on the loaf of bread.From Land,M.F,Hayhoe, M.(2001.)In what ways do eye movement contribute to everyday activities?Vision Research,41,3559-3565

Sequence of fixations of a person making a peanut butter sandwich. The first fixation is on the loaf of bread. From Land, M. F., & Hayhoe, M. (2001.) In what ways do eye movement contribute to everyday activities? Vision Research, 41, 3559-3565

Visual Phenomena ■Pop-out Attentional blindness Change blindness Fast"contains animal"(100-150 ms) Fast scene recognition (100-150 ms)

Visual Phenomena  Pop-out  Attentional blindness  Change blindness  Fast “contains animal” (100-150 ms)  Fast scene recognition (100-150 ms)  ……

Example:Pop-out 956

Example: Pop-out

Example:Attentional blindness /96 looking without seeing

Example: Attentional blindness looking without seeing