《景观生态学》（英文版） LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 7

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 7 Dr Brendan Mackey Department of Geography The Australian National University

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 7 Dr Brendan Mackey Department of Geography The Australian National University

Cardinal minimum temperatures and expected dominant physiognomy Temperature Phenomenon Expected physiognomy range) >15 Temperature not limiting Broad-leaved evergreen when rainfall adequate I to 15 Chilling Broad-leaved evergreen when rainfall adequate 15 too Freezing and supercooling Broad-leaved evergreen 40 to-15 Freezing and supercooling Broad-leaved deciduous <-40 Freezing and supercooling Evergreen and deciduous needle-leaved (conifer

Cardinal minimum temperatures and expected dominant physiognomy

Variation in deciduousness with changes in latitude, altitude and rainfall on different soils o LUmOFHIC SOILS △ MEOILOPHIC aLS W CKRICHLD OUCOnMOX HIC 20r O umAx Ir3 O CUTAOYHIC SaILs △ MESOIRCXHIC$o 0 untO J'3 Q X ENNCHTD OUGOTNOPHC z●Kk<905b4q bQQx4Mz 10a 0420230〗414 000150020002500 100“0090012004500 C uTDC 凵 AnTUDC ANNVAL AYLMGE NNTALL(MM) ALITUDE (MCTRES) (

Variation in deciduousness with changes in latitude, altitude and rainfall on different soils

ariation in availability of selected life forms with changes in latitude, altitude and rainfall 00 O ROBUST WOODY 1〔0 100 LANES 90 口 PALMS L<<2<.oz2z △ PLAN BUTTRESSES 80 X TREE TERNS 70 70 .omzPzH523o 60 SD O.oazPzHoe 50 43 40 30 20 20 10 p一a 10 0 10 30 4045 300600900】2001500 0156200 OS LATITUDE ALTITUDE(METRES) ANNUAL AVLRAGE RAINFALL AT LATITUDE 17s (MM)AT LATITUDE 11-18s

Variation in availability of selected life forms with changes in latitude, altitude and rainfall

Leaf size categories for rainforest trees after raunkier(1934) and Webb (1959) a Nanophyll css than less nan 只 Leaf,ze ear area App,0x/ma! of lanceolate cat(mr Macrophya CETATLON

Leaf size categories for rainforest trees after Raunkier (1934) and Webb (1959)

Variation in leaf size with changes in latitude, altitude rainfall and soil mineral nutrient status ○Meso- large leaves口Noto- medium leaves△ Micro- small leaves 6:k 1200 3·laa NLNIUDC OCma ANNUAL AMMO NMAUL M A LAD AT LAMUD llIr.4./

Variation in leaf size with changes in latitude, altitude, rainfall and soil mineral nutrient status Meso - large leaves Noto - medium leaves Micro - small leaves

Mean annual precipitation (mm)

Mean annual precipitation (mm)

Winter seasonal rainfall(May-Oct)equalled or exceeded 8 yrs in 10 V

Winter seasonal rainfall (May-Oct) equalled or exceeded 8 yrs in 10

Structure and evaporative capacity of major Australian plant formations which may be regarded as climatic climax formations) 「 hage Evaporative Mean Monthly Major Projective coefficient Moisture Formation('pper Stratum (over(%) (k) Index t (lesed-forest IIce\ 1(1(}∵0 112(}(1()0 () 1) Many generat 2) Nothofagus Tall open-forest Trees(Eucalyptus 8()-70) .(90-().(g5 ()()-()86 tpen-lorcst irees( Eucalyptus 70-5((.085-0.062 (86-0.58 Tall woodland Trees(Eucalyptu. s) 5()-4()(.(62-0.0)52 ().58-0).45 Woodland It rees 4(1-.3 0.0)520.0)40) ()45-(0.30 (1) Eucalyptus (2)Casuarina all shrubland Shrubs (acacian 3()-·20) ).(4()-()0.3() 130-0.17 Shrubland Shrubs(Acacia j 2()-( 1.(13()-0.()20 117-().0)5 Open- shrubland Shrubs (acacia 1( ().()20 0.05 Hummock grassland Hummock grasses 25 (135 ∵:()3 TRiodia The magnitude of the coefficient k indicates the evaporative capacity of Australian evergreen perennial plant communities(Specht 1972 t moisture Index Ratio of actual evaporation(Ea)to Pan evaporation(Eo)

Structure and evaporative capacity of major Australian plant formations (which may be regarded as climatic climax formations) The magnitude of the coefficient k indicates the evaporative capacity of Australian evergreen perennial plant communities (Specht 1972) † Moisture Index = Ratio of actual evaporation (Ea) to Pan evaporation (Eo)

Summer seasonal rainfall(Nov-Apr)equalled or exceeded 8yrs in 10 〓 800-100 吕:=

Summer seasonal rainfall (Nov-Apr) equalled or exceeded 8yrs in 10