《景观生态学》（英文版） LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 1

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 1 Dr Brendan Mackey Department of Geography The Australian National University

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY SREM 3011 LECTURE 1 Dr Brendan Mackey Department of Geography The Australian National University

What is Landscape Ecology What is Ecology? · What is a landscape? Ecology interactions between( living organisms and ()environment structures and processes Landscape Bigger than 'plot=1m x 1m40m x 40m Heterogeneous Scale Spatial characteristics

What is Landscape Ecology? • What is Ecology? • What is a Landscape? • Ecology = interactions between (I) living organisms and (ii) environment = structures and processes • Landscape = Bigger than ‘plot’ = 1m x 1m 40m x 40m = Heterogeneous = Scale = Spatial characteristics

Ecology study of living organisms in its relation with the environment(Haeckel 1866)

Ecology study of living organisms in its relation with the environment (Haeckel 1866)

Synecology study of a complete living community in its relationships with the environment (Schroter 1800s)

Synecology study of a complete living community in its relationships with the environment (Schroter 1800s)

Biocenose internal relations of a living community (Mobius 1877 a major focus of study in 'biology and zoology' departments

Biocenose internal relations of a living community (Mobius 1877) a major focus of study in ‘biology and zoology’ departments

Landschaft a community of a higher order consisting of communities of organisms, including plants, animals (and people) together with the complex of inorganic phenomena, eg the form of the relief, the water, and the climatic factors Berg 1913)

Landschaft a community of a higher order consisting of communities of organisms, including plants, animals (and people), together with the complex of inorganic phenomena, eg. the form of the relief, the water, and the climatic factors (Berg 1913)

Ecosystem Whole complex of organisms and factors of environment in an ecological unit of any rank(Tansley 1939) the ecosystem consists of both organic and inorganic components, which may be conveniently grouped under the heads of climate, physiography, and soil, plants and animals

Ecosystem whole complex of organisms and factors of environment in an ecological unit of any rank (Tansley 1939) the ecosystem consists of both organic and inorganic components, which may be conveniently grouped under the heads of climate, physiography, and soil, plants and animals

Ecosystem(contd) emphasis placed on'vertical rather than 'horizontal relations little value/emphasis given to geographic realisation of the ecosystem Odum in 1970s used concept to study flow of energy; a 'systems analytical methodology(energy units)

Ecosystem (cont’d) emphasis placed on ‘vertical’ rather than ‘horizontal’ relations little value/emphasis given to geographic realisation of the ecosystem Odum in 1970’s used concept to study flow of energy; a ‘systems’ analytical methodology (energy units)

Ecosystem(contd) Verdansky(Russia, 1940s)introduced concept of global biobeochemical cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen, etc. related to concept of ecosystem as it looks at the flows of matter through biotic and abiotic compartments

Ecosystem (cont’d) Verdansky (Russia, 1940’s) introduced concept of global biobeochemical cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen, etc.) related to concept of ecosystem as it looks at the flows of matter through biotic and abiotic compartments

Landschaft( scape) ecology the study of the main complex causal relationships between the life communities and their environment in a given section of the landscaft(scape (Troll 1939) emphasis placed on the geographic location and spatial distributions of ecological elements and relations

Landschaft(scape) ecology the study of the main complex causal relationships between the life communities and their environment in a given section of the landscaft(scape) (Troll 1939) emphasis placed on the geographic location and spatial distributions of ecological elements and relations