安徽医科大学：《流行病学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，第五版）Case-control studies

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Case-control studies

This version is made for bilingual teaching Case-control study is an essential research design of epidemiology, which involves identifying patients who have the outcome of interest(cases) and control patients who do not have that same outcome, and looking back to see if they had the exposure of interest. The exposure could be some environmental factor a behavioural factor, or exposure to a drug or other therapeutic intervention

This version is made for bilingual teaching .Case-control study is an essential research design of Epidemiology, which involves identifying patients who have the outcome of interest (cases) and control patients who do not have that same outcome, and looking back to see if they had the exposure of interest. The exposure could be some environmental factor, a behavioural factor, or exposure to a drug or other therapeutic intervention

Select Study design to Match the research goals objective Design Description of disease or spectrum Case series or report Cross-sectional stud Determine operating characteristics Cross-sectional of a new diagnostic test Describe prognosis Cohort study Determ ine cause-effect Cohort study Case-control study Com pare new interventions Randomized clinical trial Summ arize literature Meta-analysis

Select Study Design to Match the Research Goals O b je c tiv e D e sig n D e s c rip tio n o f d is e a s e o r sp e c trum C a s e s e rie s o r re p o rt C ro ss-s e c tio n a l stu d y D e te rm in e o p e ra tin g c h a ra c te ristic s o f a n ew d ia g n o stic te st C ro ss-s e c tio n a l D e s c rib e p ro g n o sis C o h o rt stu d y D e te rm in e c a u s e -e ffe c t C o h o rt stu d y C a s e -c o n tr o l stu d y C om p a re n ew in te rv e n tio n s R a n d om iz e d c lin ic a l tria l S um m a riz e lite ra tu re M e ta -a n a ly sis

Case-Control studies Introduction Matching Investigate Example Design of Case-Control Studies Data collection and analysis B las Strengths and Weaknesses Several important features EPIDEMIOLOGY AN EALTH STATISTI

Case-Control Studies n Introduction n Matching n Investigate Example n Design of Case-Control Studies n Data collection and analysis n Bias n Strengths and Weaknesses n Several important features EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH STATISTICS 1957 卫

Introduction a Historical Perspective Definition ■ Types of Design TH STATISTIC

Introduction n Historical Perspective n Definition n Types of Design EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH STATISTICS 1957 卫

Introduction Historical Perspective Unique contribution of epidemiology to the repertoire of clinical research designs First case-control study performed in late 1950s Doll and hills study of lung cancer and smoking behavior among physicians a Jerome Cornfields classic description of Retrospective Studies New statistical tools were developed to analyze the study design -logistic regression

n Unique contribution of epidemiology to the repertoire of clinical research designs n First case-control study performed in late 1950s n Doll and Hill’s study of lung cancer and smoking behavior among physicians n Jerome Cornfield’s classic description of “Retrospective Studies” n New statistical tools were developed to analyze the study design - logistic regression Historical Perspective Introduction

Introduction Definition A case-control study is a design in which individuals with an event or condition of interest CASES, are identified and then compared with regard to one or more exposures to individuals without the event or condition of interest CONTROLS Case-control investigations typically are designed to assess the association between occurrence of disease and an exposure suspected of causing(or preventing) that disease

Definition A case-control study is a design in which individuals with an event or condition of interest, CASES, are identified and then compared with regard to one or more exposures to individuals without the event or condition of interest, CONTROLS. Case-control investigations typically are designed to assess the association between occurrence of disease and an exposure suspected of causing (or preventing) that disease. Introduction

Introduction Exposed a/(a+c) Cases Unexposed(c Exposed⑤ b/(b+d) Controls Unexposed d Direction of inquiry

a b c d Cases Controls Direction of inquiry Exposed Exposed Unexposed Unexposed a/(a+c) b/(b+d) Introduction

Introduction Types Family of epidemiological study designs a Traditional case-control design Case-control studies within cohorts a Nested case-control study design ase-cohort study design Case-parent study design Case-only study design EPIDEMIOLOGY AN EALTH STATISTI

Types Family of epidemiological study designs n Traditional case-control design n Case-control studies within cohorts n Nested case-control study design n Case-cohort study design n Case-parent study design n Case-only study design EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH STATISTICS 1957 卫 Introduction

Matching Summarize ypes a Problems with Matching EPIDEMIOLOGY AN EALTH STATISTI

Matching n Summarize n Types n Problems with Matching EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH STATISTICS 1957 卫