上海交通大学：《学术英语写作与演讲 Academic Writing and Presentation in English》教学资源（课件讲稿）16 Citations and References

Academic Communication in English Citations and References

Academic Communication in English Citations and References

A healthy writing attitude How can plagiarism be avoided? Step Step Step 2 3 paraphrase or Keep track of summarize the Use in-text all the original text citations and information to support references your own idea

A healthy writing attitude How can plagiarism be avoided? Step 1 Keep track of all the information Step 2 paraphrase or summarize the original text to support your own idea Step 3 Use in-text citations and references

⑧ Citations and References P APA (American Psychology Association)format P AMA (American Medical Association )format IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)format

Citations and References APA (American Psychology Association) format AMA (American Medical Association )format IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) format

⑧ I Activity Find out the difference in the following citations

Activity : Find out the difference in the following citations

③ In-text citations 1)One author Keck(2006)compared the textual borrowing practices....... Early L1 summary studies found that novice writers copied or closely Paraphrased individual sentences (Winograd,1984). The name of the author is part of the formal structure of the sentence. The name of the author is not part of the formal structure of the sentence

In-text citations 1) One author Keck (2006) compared the textual borrowing practices ……. Early L1 summary studies found that novice writers copied or closely Paraphrased individual sentences (Winograd, 1984). The name of the author is part of the formal structure of the sentence. The name of the author is not part of the formal structure of the sentence

③ In-text citations 2)Two authors Flowerdew and Li(2007a)highlight approaches which emphasize developmental and disciplinary perspectives. low-proficiency English L2 university students copied excerpts of the source text more frequently than high-proficiency students (Johns Mayes,1990)

In-text citations 2) Two authors Flowerdew and Li (2007a) highlight approaches which emphasize developmental and disciplinary perspectives. low-proficiency English L2 university students copied excerpts of the source text more frequently than high-proficiency students (Johns & Mayes, 1990)

⑧ In-text citations 3)Three to five authors .....(Kernis,Cornell,Sun,Berry,Harlow, 1993) If cited again .....(Kernis et al.,1993)

In-text citations 3) Three to five authors …… (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, & Harlow, 1993) If cited again …… (Kernis et al., 1993)

③ In-text citations 4)Six or more authors Harris et al.(2001)argued ..... .....(Harris et al.,2001) Howard et al.(2010)observed a similar strategy within research papers written by second-year university students

In-text citations 4) Six or more authors Harris et al. (2001) argued ...... …… (Harris et al., 2001) Howard et al. (2010) observed a similar strategy within research papers written by second-year university students

In-text citations 5)Several works by the same author Research by Green (1981a,1981b)illustrated that...... Question:why do we use a,b in the citation much discussion and debate(Currie,1998;Flowerdew Li,2007a:Johns Mayes,1990;Liu,2005;Pecorari,2003; Pennycook,1996;Polio Shi,2012;Shi,2004,2006;Sowden,2005;Tardy,2010;Tomas,2010;Yamada,2003) Though typically,in the context of higher education,student plagiarism is associated with cheating and dishonesty (Leask,2006;Pecorari,2001;Yamada,2003),educators who work with developing writers argue that,for many students,plagiarism represents not an intention to deceive,but rather their developing competence in text-responsible writing (Chandrasoma,Thompson,Pennycook,2004;Currie,1998;Flowerdew Li,2007b:Howard,1995; Flowerdew,J.,Li,Y.(2007a).Plagiarism and second language writing in an electronic age.Annual Review of Applied Linguistics,27,161. Flowerdew,J.,Li,Y.(2007b).Language re-use among Chinese apprentice scientists writing for publication.Applied Linguistics,28,440-465

In-text citations 5) Several works by the same author Research by Green (1981a, 1981b) illustrated that ...… Question: why do we use a, b in the citation

⑧ In-text citations 6)Indirect source (You'd better find the original source) Johnson argued that .....(as cited in Smith 2003)

In-text citations 6) Indirect source (You’d better find the original source) Johnson argued that …... (as cited in Smith, 2003)