上海交通大学：《学术英语写作与演讲 Academic Writing and Presentation in English》教学资源（课件讲稿）11 Unity And Connection

⑧ Unity Unity of a paragraph refers to the extent to which all of the ideas contained within a given paragraph "hang together"in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. One paragraph will deal only with one main topic The beginning of a new paragraph signals that the writer is moving on to a new topic

Unity Unity of a paragraph refers to the extent to which all of the ideas contained within a given paragraph "hang together" in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. A One paragraph will deal only with one B main topic The beginning of a new paragraph signals that the writer is moving on to a new topic. C

Unity Example: "Employees'attitudes at Jonstone Electric Company should be improved.The workers do not feel that they are a working team instead of just individuals.If people felt they were a part of a team, they would not misuse the tools,or deliberately undermine the work of others.Management's attitude toward its employees should also be improved. Managers at Jonstone Electric act as though their employees are incapable of making decisions or doing their own work.Managers treat workers like objects, not human beings

Unity Example: "Employees' attitudes at Jonstone Electric Company should be improved. The workers do not feel that they are a working team instead of just individuals. If people felt they were a part of a team, they would not misuse the tools, or deliberately undermine the work of others. Management's attitude toward its employees should also be improved. Managers at Jonstone Electric act as though their employees are incapable of making decisions or doing their own work. Managers treat workers like objects, not human beings

Unity Both the employees and management in Jonstone Electric Company should improve their attitudes

Unity Both the employees and management in Jonstone Electric Company should improve their attitudes

③ Cohesion and Coherence Cohesion:pairs of sentences fitting together in the way two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle do Coherence:what all the sentences in writing add up to,or the way all the pieces in a jigsaw puzzle add up to the whole picture

Cohesion and Coherence Cohesion: pairs of sentences fitting together in the way two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle do Coherence: what all the sentences in writing add up to, or the way all the pieces in a jigsaw puzzle add up to the whole picture

Cohesion and Coherence Connection: Some astonishing questions about the nature of the universe have been raised by scientists studying black holes in space.The collapse of a dead star into a point perhaps no larger than a marble creates a black hole.So much matter compressed into so little volume changes the fabric of space around it in puzzling ways. Some astonishing questions about the nature of the universe have been raised by scientists studying black holes in space.A black hole is created by the collapse of a dead star into a point perhaps no larger than a marble.So much matter compressed into so little volume changes the fabric of space around it in puzzling ways

Cohesion and Coherence Connection: Some astonishing questions about the nature of the universe have been raised by scientists studying black holes in space. The collapse of a dead star into a point perhaps no larger than a marble creates a black hole. So much matter compressed into so little volume changes the fabric of space around it in puzzling ways. Some astonishing questions about the nature of the universe have been raised by scientists studying black holes in space. A black hole is created by the collapse of a dead star into a point perhaps no larger than a marble. So much matter compressed into so little volume changes the fabric of space around it in puzzling ways

③ Cohesion and Coherence Begin sentences with information that are familiar to your readers. End sentences with information that readers cannot anticipate

Cohesion and Coherence Begin sentences with information that are familiar to your readers. End sentences with information that readers cannot anticipate

Task:Revise these following passage Two aims-the recovery of the American economy and the modernization of America into a military power-were in the president's mind when he assumed his office.The drop in unemployment figures and inflation,and the increase in the GNP testifies to his success in the first.But our increased involvement in international conflict without any clear set of political goals indicates less success with the second.Nevertheless,increases in the military budget and a good deal of saber rattling pleased the American voter

Task: Revise these following passage Two aims—the recovery of the American economy and the modernization of America into a military power—were in the president’s mind when he assumed his office. The drop in unemployment figures and inflation, and the increase in the GNP testifies to his success in the first. But our increased involvement in international conflict without any clear set of political goals indicates less success with the second. Nevertheless, increases in the military budget and a good deal of saber rattling pleased the American voter

Task:Revise these following passage When the president assumed office,he had two aims-the recovery of the American economy and the modernization of America into a military power.He succeeded in the first as testified by the drop in unemployment figures and inflation,and the increase in the GNP.But he had less success with the second, as indicated by our increased involvement in international conflict without any clear set of political goals.Nevertheless,the American voter was pleased by vast increases in the military budget and a good deal of saber rattling

Task: Revise these following passage When the president assumed office, he had two aims—the recovery of the American economy and the modernization of America into a military power. He succeeded in the first as testified by the drop in unemployment figures and inflation, and the increase in the GNP. But he had less success with the second, as indicated by our increased involvement in international conflict without any clear set of political goals. Nevertheless, the American voter was pleased by vast increases in the military budget and a good deal of saber rattling

⑧ Essentials Repeat key words Use clear pronouns Use determiners Use transitional markers Use a transitional sentence

Essentials Repeat key words Use determiners Use a transitional sentence Use clear pronouns Use transitional markers

Repeat key words Though typically,in the context of higher education,student plagiarism is associated with cheating and dishonesty;educators who work with developing writers argue that,for many students,plagiarism represents not an intention to deceive,but rather their developing competence in text-responsible writing;In these cases,most educators agree that instances of student copying should be addressed through pedagogy,rather than through disciplinary actions.Some have even questioned whether such instances of textual borrowing should be labeled as a type of"plagiarism":Students,language teachers,and university professors have all been found to disagree about what counts as textual plagiarism,and,in recent years,the idea of authorial ownership (and thus plagiarism itself)has been challenged.Nevertheless,most agree it is important to consider why students might copy from source texts when completing academic assignments,as such investigations may help us to better understand not only students'attitudes about textual borrowing,but also the role that such borrowing might play in their academic development

Repeat key words Though typically, in the context of higher education, student plagiarism is associated with cheating and dishonesty; educators who work with developing writers argue that, for many students, plagiarism represents not an intention to deceive, but rather their developing competence in text-responsible writing; In these cases, most educators agree that instances of student copying should be addressed through pedagogy, rather than through disciplinary actions. Some have even questioned whether such instances of textual borrowing should be labeled as a type of ‘‘plagiarism’’: Students, language teachers, and university professors have all been found to disagree about what counts as textual plagiarism, and, in recent years, the idea of authorial ownership (and thus plagiarism itself) has been challenged. Nevertheless, most agree it is important to consider why students might copy from source texts when completing academic assignments, as such investigations may help us to better understand not only students’ attitudes about textual borrowing, but also the role that such borrowing might play in their academic development