山西农业大学：《食品微生物学 FOOD MICROBIOLOGY》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，中英文版）第四章 微生物的营养和培养基 Nutrition and medium of microbes

Chapter 4 Nutrition and medium of microbes (微生物的营养和培养基)

Chapter 4 Nutrition and medium of microbes (微生物的营养和培养基)

Nutriton and nutrient Nutrition the most basic physiological function for organisms to intake the energy and material that is necessary for living and reproduction from the outside environment 营养是指生物体从外部环境中摄取对其生命活动必需的能量和物质,以满足 正常生长和繁殖需要的一种最基本的生理功能) Nutrient: it is referred to as the nutritional material including the unconventional material form--ray radiation in microbiology. 营养物则是指具有营养功能的物质,在微生物学中,它还非常规物质形式的光辐 射能在内.)

Nutrition： the most basic physiological function for organisms to intake the energy and material that is necessary for living and reproduction from the outside environment . (营养是指生物体从外部环境中摄取对其生命活动必需的能量和物质,以满足 正常生长和繁殖需要的一种最基本的生理功能.) Nutrient: it is referred to as the nutritional material including the unconventional material form——ray radiation in microbiology. (营养物则是指具有营养功能的物质,在微生物学中,它还非常规物质形式的光辐 射能在内.) Nutriton and nutrient

Section A six nutritional elements of microbes (微生物的六类营养要素) The chemical com position of the microorganism cells and their metabolite determines what nutrient they need

Section A six nutritional elements of microbes (微生物的六类营养要素) The chemical composition of the microorganism cells and their metabolite determines what nutrient they need

As bacteria are a very disparate group of microbes that can exist in a wide range of environments, and can be split into a number of different nutritional groups with very different prerequisites for growth, the ingredients in the medium will depend on the individual species. The common requirements of all bacteria are water, a source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, essential inorganic ions such as phosphate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron and a number of trace elements (zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu Ni, W). For heterotrophs, energy and carbon can be derived from the same molecule

As bacteria are a very disparate group of microbes that can exist in a wide range of environments, and can be split into a number of different nutritional groups with very different prerequisites for growth, the ingredients in the medium will depend on the individual species. The common requirements of all bacteria are water, a source of energy, carbon, nitrogen, essential inorganic ions such as phosphate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron and a number of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu, Ni, W). For heterotrophs, energy and carbon can be derived from the same molecule

The composition of the microbe cell Elemental level carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and essential inorganic ions such as phosphate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron and a num ber of trace elements( zn, Mn, Mo, Se, co, Cu, Ni Compound level water, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acid, lipoid, vitamine, antibiotic, inorganic ion

The composition of the microbe cell carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , nitrogen and essential inorganic ions such as phosphate, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron and a number of trace elements (Zn, Mn, Mo, Se, Co, Cu, Ni, W) : water,carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acid, lipoid, vitamine, antibiotic , inorganic ion. Elemental level Compound level

What does a microbe need for growth 1. Carbon source ∠2 Nitrogen source Level of nutritional 3. Energy source elements 4. Growth factor 5. Mineral salts 6. Water

1.Carbon source 2.Nitrogen source 3.Energy source 4.Growth factor 5.Mineral salts 6.Water Level of Nutritional elements What does a microbe need for growth?

Carbon source Carbon source are defined as all the nutrients that can satisfy the need for carbon during the process of microbial growth. It is also called macronutrients(大量营养物) in that it is in the most greatest need only secondary to water. The spectrum of carbon sources(碳源谱) are extremely wide. Heterotrophs and autotrophs The spectrum of carbon sources can be divided into two ty pes organic carbon and inorganic carbon. Those who have to depend on the organic carbon source are heterotrophs, the majority of microorganisms are of this ty pe. And those who use inorganic carbon source as main form are autotrophs. Only a few of microbes are of this type

Carbon source are defined as all the nutrients that can satisfy the need for carbon during the process of microbial growth. It is also called macronutrients(大量营养物) in that it is in the most greatest need only secondary to water. The spectrum of carbon sources (碳源谱)are extremely wide. The spectrum of carbon sources can be divided into two types: organic carbon and inorganic carbon. Those who have to depend on the organic carbon source are heterotrophs, the majority of microorganisms are of this type. And those who use inorganic carbon source as main form are autotrophs. Only a few of microbes are of this type. Carbon source Heterotrophs and autotrophs

For all the heterotrophs, the carbon source is, also energy I source at the same time therefore this kind of carbon resources s called difunctional nutrient双功能营养物

For all the heterotrophs, the carbon source is also energy source at the same time, therefore this kind of carbon resources is called difunctional nutrient(双功能营养物)

Nitrogen source Nitrogen source provide the microorganism with the element of nitrogen for its living and reproduction The spectrum of nitrogen source is also quite wide and have two types: organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen In the culture medium the commonly used organic nitrogen are beef extract, yeast extract and peptone(牛肉膏,酵母膏和蛋 白胨)

Nitrogen source provide the microorganism with the element of nitrogen for its living and reproduction. The spectrum of nitrogen source is also quite wide and have two types: organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen. In the culture medium the commonly used organic nitrogen are beef extract, yeast extract and peptone(牛肉膏, 酵母膏和蛋 白胨). Nitrogen source

Amino acid autotrophs and amino acid heterotrophs Amino acid autotrophs(氨基酸自养型生物) is a group of organism who don't need amino acid as their nitrogen source and can self-synthesize all the amino acids they need using simple nitrogen source as material D dnit Otherwise, amino acid heterotrophs(氨基酸异养型生物) intake ready amino acids as their nitrogen resources. all the animals and a number of heterotrophs are amino acids heterotrophs

Amino acid autotrophs(氨基酸自养型生物) is a group of organism who don’t need amino acid as their nitrogen source and can self-synthesize all the amino acids they need using simple nitrogen source as material. Otherwise, amino acid heterotrophs (氨基酸异养型生物) intake ready amino acids as their nitrogen resources . All the animals and a number of heterotrophs are amino acids heterotrophs. Amino acid autotrophs and amino acid heterotrophs