厦门大学：《海洋浮游生物学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）第10章 被囊动物

Chapter 10 Pelagic Tunicata Department of Oceanography

Chapter 10 Pelagic Tunicata Department of Oceanography

References ƒ Bone Q, 1998. The biology of pelagic tunicates. 340p

References ƒ Bone Q, 1998. The biology of pelagic tunicates. 340p

Chordata（脊索动物门） ƒ Urochordata（尾索动物亚门） Appendiculariae（有尾纲）＝Copelata Thaliacea（海樽纲） Ascidiacea（海鞘纲） ƒ Cephalochordata（头索动物亚门） ƒ Vertebrata（脊椎动物亚门）

Chordata（脊索动物门） ƒ Urochordata（尾索动物亚门） Appendiculariae（有尾纲）＝Copelata Thaliacea（海樽纲） Ascidiacea（海鞘纲） ƒ Cephalochordata（头索动物亚门） ƒ Vertebrata（脊椎动物亚门）

General characteristics Chordata Urochorda ƒ Expect for Larvacea, the notochord only exits in the tail of larvae. The adults process no notochord. (Urochora) ƒ Adult is enclosed in a sac-like tunica composed of tunicin secreted by the integument. (Tunicata) ƒ Without sensory organs and tubus medullaris in the adult, and with an open circulatory system. ƒ Usually hermaphrodites, with sexual or budding reproduction

General characteristics Chordata Urochorda ƒ Expect for Larvacea, the notochord only exits in the tail of larvae. The adults process no notochord. (Urochora) ƒ Adult is enclosed in a sac-like tunica composed of tunicin secreted by the integument. (Tunicata) ƒ Without sensory organs and tubus medullaris in the adult, and with an open circulatory system. ƒ Usually hermaphrodites, with sexual or budding reproduction

10.1 Appendicularia = Copelata 10.1.1 General Morphology ƒ do not undergo metamorphosis, the adult with a tail supported by a notochord ƒ gill sac simply ƒ endostyle short, groove-like ƒ ♀♂hermaphrodite ƒ “house

10.1 Appendicularia = Copelata 10.1.1 General Morphology ƒ do not undergo metamorphosis, the adult with a tail supported by a notochord ƒ gill sac simply ƒ endostyle short, groove-like ƒ ♀♂hermaphrodite ƒ “house

10.1.2 External features ƒ 1 Trunk ƒ 2 Tail

10.1.2 External features ƒ 1 Trunk ƒ 2 Tail

10.1.3 Internal features 1 Digestive system mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → intestine → anus endostyle, buccal gland 2 Circulatory system 3 Reproductive system heramphrodite mouth esophagus stomach intestine anus buccal gland endostyle ovary or test

10.1.3 Internal features 1 Digestive system mouth → pharynx → esophagus → stomach → intestine → anus endostyle, buccal gland 2 Circulatory system 3 Reproductive system heramphrodite mouth esophagus stomach intestine anus buccal gland endostyle ovary or test

3 Nervous system ƒ cerebral ganglion ƒ caudal ganglion 5 Notochord and Muscle Bands urochord notochord cell subchord cell

3 Nervous system ƒ cerebral ganglion ƒ caudal ganglion 5 Notochord and Muscle Bands urochord notochord cell subchord cell

10.1.4 Classification One order, Urochorda with two families, the main characteristics for classification are： ƒ （ 1 ）the ratio of body to tail in size and their shape ƒ （ 2 ）the shape of the endostyle ƒ （ 3 ）the position of the gill opening ƒ （ 4 ）the shape of the gonads Family Oikopleuridae：O. longicauda Family Fritillaridae: F. pellucida

10.1.4 Classification One order, Urochorda with two families, the main characteristics for classification are： ƒ （ 1 ）the ratio of body to tail in size and their shape ƒ （ 2 ）the shape of the endostyle ƒ （ 3 ）the position of the gill opening ƒ （ 4 ）the shape of the gonads Family Oikopleuridae：O. longicauda Family Fritillaridae: F. pellucida

Common species ƒ Family Oikopleuridae Body oval Endostyle short and straight Tail several times longer than trunk Oikopleura longicauda O. dioica

Common species ƒ Family Oikopleuridae Body oval Endostyle short and straight Tail several times longer than trunk Oikopleura longicauda O. dioica