复旦大学：《中国人口与发展》PPT教学课件_Lecture 4, 5 China's Fertility Policy and Policy Implications

Chinas Fertility Policy and Policy Implications Shen Ke

China’s Fertility Policy and Policy Implications Shen Ke

Outline Evolution of China's fertility policy Consequences of the one-child policy Fertility policies in other countries and their effects

Outline • Evolution of China’s fertility policy • Consequences of the one-child policy • Fertility policies in other countries and their effects

Evolution of China's Fertility Policy

Evolution of China’s Fertility Policy

Initial stage Encouraging reproduction Document in 1950: illegal abortion is forbidden to improve maternal and child health 952, Ministry of health informed the Customs to prohibit importing contraceptives In the 1950S, President Mao Zedongs belief that"the more people we have, the stronger we are

Initial stage • Encouraging reproduction • Document in 1950: illegal abortion is forbidden to improve maternal and child health • 1952, Ministry of health informed the Customs to prohibit importing contraceptives. • In the 1950s, President Mao Zedong’s belief that “the more people we have, the stronger we are

Ma Yinchu(1882-1982) In June 1957, at the First National People's Congress, Ma presented his New Population Theory: Further population growth at such high rates would be detrimental to China's development the State should have the power to intervene in reproduction and to control population

Ma Yinchu (1882-1982) • In June 1957, at the First National People's Congress, Ma presented his New Population Theory: • Further population growth at such high rates would be detrimental to China's development • the State should have the power to intervene in reproduction and to control population

During the 1960S, the annual growth rate averaged at 2.4%, 1969, the total population reached over o.8 billion, compared to o55 billion in 1950. Economic recession during the 10-year cultural revolution Population control is essential to economic development and raising living standards

• During the 1960s, the annual growth rate averaged at 2.4%. •1969, the total population reached over 0.8 billion, compared to 0.55 billion in 1950. • Economic recession during the 10-year cultural revolution. • Population control is essential to economic development and raising living standards

"later-longer-fewer program",1971 Age of marriage 25 for men and 23 for women >=4 year spacing between births Began to reduce fertility levels. " One is best, at most two, never a third

“later-longer-fewer program”, 1971 • Age of marriage 25 for men and 23 for women. • >=4 year spacing between births. • Began to reduce fertility levels. “One is best, at most two, never a third

Chinas Route to Low Fertility 8.0 7.0 1971“ Later, Longer and Fewer” Policy 6.0 50 4.0 3.0 1959-61 Great Famine 2.0 1.0 1980One-child"Policy 0.0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year

China’s Route to Low Fertility 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Year TFR 1971 “Later, Longer and Fewer” Policy 1980 “One-child” Policy 1959-61 Great Famine

Later Marriage, Later Childbearing 晚婚晚再好 WAN HUN WANYU HAO

Later Marriage, Later Childbearing

One Child Policy, 1980 Though the annual growth rate decreased from 2. 6% in 1970 to 1.27 in 1980, total population reached nearly 1 billion in 1980, increasing by 160 million in one decade. The offspring of baby-booming generation after the great leap forward were about to enter the reproductive ages in 1980S 1980, Initiation of one-child policy Direct goal: keep China's population under 1.2 billion by the end of 20th century. Fundamental purpose: reduce poverty and improve the overall quality of life

One Child Policy, 1980 • Though the annual growth rate decreased from 2.6% in 1970 to 1.2% in 1980, total population reached nearly 1 billion in 1980, increasing by 160 million in one decade. • The offspring of baby-booming generation after the great leap forward were about to enter the reproductive ages in 1980s. • 1980, Initiation of one-child policy • Direct goal: keep China’s population under 1.2 billion by the end of 20th century. • Fundamental purpose: reduce poverty and improve the overall quality of life