《植物化学保护》课程教学资源（英文讲稿）Pesticide Registration for Minor Crops and Crop Grouping Effort in Japan

Pesticide Registration for Minor Crops and Crop Grouping Effort in Japan Naoki Motoyama Chiba University,Japan

Pesticide Registration for Minor Crops and Crop Grouping Effort in Japan Naoki Motoyama Chiba University, Japan

Chronology of Pesticide Regulation and Related Events ·1945 End of W Il ·1948 Pesticide Regulation Act ·1962 “Silent Spring”byR.Carson 。 1 9 7 1 Major Revision of Pesticide Regulation Act 1 99 2 Environment-Friendly Agriculture Popular demand for organic agriculture ·1997“Our Stolen Future”byT.Colborn et al 2002 Extensive Use of Un-registered Pesticides Revealed 2003 Partial Revision of Pesticide Regulation Act

Chronology of Pesticide Regulation and Related Events • １９４５ End of WW II • １９４８ Pesticide Regulation Act • １９６２ “Silent Spring ” by R. Carson • １９７１ Major Revision of Pesticide Regulation Act • １９９２ Environment-Friendly Agriculture Popular demand for organic agriculture • １９９７ “Our Stolen Future ” by T. Colborn et al • 2002 Extensive Use of Un-registered Pesticides Revealed • 2003 Partial Revision of Pesticide Re gulation Act

Registration 康林水爱有程们 殺虫剂 重9358品 区集再入中过 Number 三共 47J Trade Name 乳剖40 of Pesticide 500m2入 9(2以7a2w4400 Active ”王子儿手才亦又7主一】 乳化南、有m名剂等. 生状质东隔色置明可乳化油状准体 Ingredient 传天三共株式名社 京都中央区 海三

Trade Name of Pesticide Active Ingredient Registration Number

Application Preharvest Pests Rate Interval 木otal Number Crops of Application 蕾用害虫使成方法 日数 希积馆数 作物名 通用害虫名 (倍) 使用使用 骑期面效米 三力1于3门第1世代， 1,000-1,500 7夕才比3ヤ为 三力1子17第2世代 木力5/（工 1,.000 21日*4回 y?石目（不、宁少力辅、 八毛)（工 1,000-2,000 了才弘以了十力、P弘额 1.000 车中人以 丰又/八么 1.200 30日* 体车农各 丰水？儿外已么 700 T才弘之十力、Pプ亏4频1,000 体（ě丰又岁/因八4☑ 1.200 2回 700 14日* 丰赤y?儿卜七弘习 九人￥方 71行4之精 1,.000 21日* ?卜T颗、于外7497 -7八二 10日* 1.000=2.000

Application Preharvest Pests Rate Interval Crops Total Number of Application

Legal view on Use Pattern of Pesticides Pre 2003-Recommended to follow Pesticides registered for major crops could be applied on closely related minor crops Post 2003-Must be followed strictly Application of un-registered pesticides on minor crops is illegal, especially for food and feed use

Legal View on Use Pattern of Pesticides Pre 2003 – Recommended to follow Pesticides registered for major crops could be applied on closely related minor crops Post 2003 – Must be followed strictly Application of un-registered pesticides on minor crops is illegal, especially for food and feed use

Penalty for Violation Sales of Un-registered Pesticides Individuals Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to \1,000,000 Dealers Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to1100,000,000 Use of Un-registered Pesticides Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to \1,000,000

Penalty for Violation Sales of Un-registered Pesticides Individuals : Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to \1,000,000 Dealers : Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to \100,000,000 Use of Un-registered Pesticides Imprisonment of up to 3 years Fine up to \1,000,000

New Problems only few or no registered pesticides for minor crops Definition of Minor Crops Japan:Annual yield less than 30,000 ton US:Cultivation area less than 300,000 acre （=ca.120,000ha) Yield per 120,000 ha in Japan Fruits(e.g.Grapes,Pears,Apples):ca.3,000,000 ton Rice ca.600,000 ton Cabbage ca.600,000 ton

New Problems ！– only few or no registered pesticides for minor crops Definition of Minor Crops Japan : Annual yield less than 30,000 ton US : Cultivation area less than 300,000 acre ( = ca. 120,000 ha) Yield per 120,000 ha in Japan Fruits (e.g. Grapes, Pears, Apples) : ca. 3,000,000 ton Rice : ca. 600,000 ton Cabbage : ca. 600,000 ton

Cost for Label Expansion Major Crops Minor Crops Efficacy validation: Efficacy validation 2 years,6 field trials 1 year,2 field trials 250,000x6=11,500,000 250,000x2=1500,000 Residue Analysis Residue Analysis 2 field trials,2 analysis 2 field trials,1analysis 2,000,000x2=4,000,000 2,000,000x1=12,000,000 Registration Fee \97,500 Registration Fee:197,500 Total5,600,000 Total2,600,000

Cost for Label Expansion Major Crops Minor Crops Efficacy validation : Efficacy validation : 2 years, 6 field trials 1 year, 2 field trials \250,000x6=\1,500,000 \250,000x2=\500,000 Residue Analysis : Residue Analysis : 2 field trials, 2 analysis 2 field trials, 1analysis \2,000,000x2=\4,000,000 \2,000,000x1=\2,000,000 Registration Fee : \97,500 Registration Fee : \97,500 Total \5,600,000 Total \2,600,000

Urgent Measures Taken by MAFF 1.Temporal permit to use un-registered pesticides 2.Promotion of pesticide registration for minor crops In response to request by Prefectural Governers,use of ca.9,000 combinations of minor crops un-registered pesticides approved by Minister of MAFF for two years beginning March,2003 Subsidizing the cost for Prefectural Government to conduct field trials for efficacy validation and residue analysis required for label expansion

Urgent Measures Taken by MAFF 1. Temporal permit to use un-registered pesticides 2. Promotion of pesticide registration for minor crops • In response to request by Prefectural Governers, use of ca. 9,000 combinations of minor crops / un-registered pesticides approved by Minister of MAFF for two years beginning March, 2003 • Subsidizing the cost for Prefectural Government to conduct field trials for efficacy validation and residue analysis required for label expansion

Organizations Created to Promote Pesticide Registration for Minor Crops Local Cooperative System Prefectural Governments Research Institutes Extension Centers Agricultural co-ops Regional Cooperative System Regional offices of MAFF Inter-prefectural cooperative system Research Institutes,etc Central Cooperative System MAFF /Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station National Union of Agricultural co-ops/Related Organizations

Organizations Created to Promote Pesticide Registration for Minor Crops Local Cooperative System Prefectural Governments / Research Institutes / Extension Centers / Agricultural co-ops Regional Cooperative System Regional offices of MAFF / Inter-prefectural cooperative system / Research Institutes, etc Central Cooperative System MAFF / Agricultural Chemicals Inspection Station / National Union of Agricultural co-ops / Related Organizations