《植物化学保护》课程教学资源（英文讲稿）Pesticides

Pesticides ITY ELEMENTARYSh EVICTION 06 NOTICE

P i id est i cides

用 A Bit of Pesticide History Before W.W.II pesticides in common use throughout the US were predominantly inorganic materials,such as sulfur,lead, copper,arsenic,boron,mercury,as well as botanical compounds such as nicotine,pyrethrum and rotenone

A Bi f P i id Hi A Bit o f Pest i cide History Before W.W.II pesticides in common use throu ghout the US were predominantly inorganic materials , , such as sulfur , lead , copper, arsenic, boron, mercury, as well as botanical com pounds such as nicotine, pyrethrum and rotenone

World War II Created a New Generation of Pesticides During this time DDT insecticide was developed by the Swiss,changed the nature of pest control worldwide. The extraordinary effectiveness of DDT and the related materials that followed it:lindane,dieldrin, chlordane,2 4-D,all slowed or stopped research and development of other,methods of pest control

World War II Created a New Generation of Pesticides During this time DDT insecticide was developed by the Swiss, changed the nature f l ld d of pest control worldwi de. The extraordinary effectiveness of DDT d h l d l h DDT and t h e related materials t hat followed it: lindane, dieldrin, chlordane 2 4 chlordane , 2 4 -D all slowed or D , all slowed or stopped research and development of other methods of pest control other , methods of pest control

850 pesticides in production. 215 fungicides/nematicides. 1200 Active Ingredients. 200 major pesticides. 230 disinfectants. 365 insecticides. 90 rodenticides

850 pesticides in production. 215 fungicides/nematicides. 1200 Active Ingredients. 200 ma jor pesticides. 230 disinfectants. 365 insecticides. 90 rodenticides

Pesticide Use:1990 2.5 million tons worldwide. 888 million pounds used in the US.EPA 500,000 tons of 600 different pesticides at cost of $4.1 billion 4.5 lbs/person. 130 US firms make 37,000 products. 10x increase in insecticides between 1945-1989. Pimentel,et.al'93 Annual U S pesticide user expenditures totaled approximately $11,090 million in 2001 accounting for about 34%of the total world market.EPA

Pesticide Use: 1990 Pesticide Use: 1990 2.5 million tons worldwide. 888 million pounds used in the US. EPA 500,000 tons of 600 different pesticides at cost of $4 1 billion $4 .1 billion 4 ~ 5 lbs / person .5 lbs / person . 130 US firms make 37,000 products. 10x increase in insecticides between 1945 -1989. Pimentel, et.al '93 Annual U S pesticide user expenditures totaled approximately $11 090 million in 2001 approximately $11,090 million in 2001 accounting for about 34% of the total world market. EPA

Pesticide Use: More than 78 million households in the United States used a pesticide or herbicide. Herbicides were the leading type of pesticides. 85 to 90 million pounds of the herbicide glyphosate was used In 2001. 2,4-D was the most widely used herbicide in both the home and garden,8 million pounds used/yr. http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1 1999

Pesticide Use: More than 78 million households in the United States used a pesticide or herbicide. Herbicides were the leading type of pesticides. 85 to 90 million pounds of the herbicide glyphosate was used In 2001. 2,4-D was the most widely used herbicide in both the home and garden, 8 million pounds used/yr. http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1 1999

Pesticide Use $7.000 $6,000 ▣Agriculture Industry/Commercial/Government ■Home&Garden $1,000 $0 Herbicides Insecticides Fungicides Other Pesticide Type

Pesticide Use Pesticide Use

Pesticide Use The Environmental Protection Agency says pesticide use in the home-and- garden sector,once in decline,has grown by more than 25 percent since 1995. Herbicide use almost doubled between 1982 and 2001,and continues to grow

Pesticide Use The Environmental Protection Agency sa y p s pesticide use in the home-and￾garden sector, once in decline, has gy p rown b y more than 25 percent since 1995. Herbicide use almost doubled between Herbicide use almost doubled between 1982 and 2001, and continues to grow

Why so Many Pesticides? 33+%world's food crops lost to pests. Increased urbanization. Insect-borne diseases->people killed or disabled. Annual losses due to pests ~$100 billion. In Ghana,application of insecticides to control one insect increased cocoa production by 3x. One estimate is 12%increase in crop loss if all pesticides banned?????? $1 spent->$4 saved

Wh M P ti id ? Why so Many Pesti cides ? 33+% world 33+% world s food crops lost to pests 's food crops lost to pests . Increased urbanization. Insect -borne diseases -> people killed or disabled. Annual losses due to pests ~ $100 billion. In Ghana, application of insecticides to control one insect increased cocoa production by 3x. One estimate is 12% increase in crop loss if all pesticides banned?????? $1 spent -> $4 saved

Definitions Pesticides are substances or mixtures intended for controlling,preventing, destroying,repelling or mitigating any form of life declared to be a pest

Definitions Pesticides are substances or mixtures intended for controlling preventing intended for controlling, preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any form of life declared to be a pest