临床医学英语教学课件（PPT讲稿）Word Formation of Medical Terms

Lecture 4 Word formation of medical lerms

Lecture 4 Word Formation of Medical Terms

Building Elements ☆Root Prefix ☆ Suffix ☆ Combining Vowel

Building Elements ❖Root ❖Prefix ❖Suffix ❖Combining Vowel

Root A root is what remains when all added elements in a word have been removed the part that is not further divisible %o The root, the core in a word, provides the fundamental meaning of that word ☆demm→skin epidermis, dermis, dermatology, dermatitis, dermatosis, dermatoid

Root ❖A root is what remains when all added elements in a word have been removed, the part that is not further divisible. ❖The root, the core in a word, provides the fundamental meaning of that word. ❖derm →skin epidermis, dermis, dermatology, dermatitis, dermatosis, dermatoid

Prefix %A prefix is a letter or a letter combination placed before a word or a combining form to alter or modify the basic meaning of the word %oA larger proportion of prefixes describe spatial relationship. Others negate concepts, describe physical properties or qualities of objects or concepts

Prefix ❖A prefix is a letter or a letter combination placed before a word or a combining form to alter or modify the basic meaning of the word. ❖A larger proportion of prefixes describe spatial relationship. Others negate concepts, describe physical properties or qualities of objects or concepts

Suffix Suffix attached to the end of a word base to change either the meaning of the base or the class of the word oo two types: simple suffix and compound suffix (1) Simple suffixes: those that have nothing added to them itis, inflammation as in nephritis and hepatitis

Suffix ❖ Suffix: attached to the end of a word base to change either the meaning of the base or the class of the word. ❖ two types: simple suffix and compound suffix. (1) Simple suffixes: those that have nothing added to them. -itis → inflammation as in nephritis and hepatitis

Suffix (2) Compound suffix: a combination of a base and a simple suffiX pathy>-( disease, suffering)+-y (condition, act, process) disease, or a diseased condition ectomy ->ec-(out)+ tom-(to cut)+-y(act, process the surgical removal, the process of cutting out, or excision tonsillectomy appendectomy thyroidectomy

Suffix (2) Compound suffix: a combination of a base and a simple suffix. -pathy → patho- (disease, suffering) + -y (condition, act, process) “disease, or a diseased condition ” -ectomy → ec- (out) + tom- (to cut) + -y (act, process) “the surgical removal, the process of cutting out, or excision” tonsillectomy appendectomy thyroidectomy

Combining Vowel 1. Types of combining vowels Greek source (1)-o- cardi +0 cardio o+logy→ ology (2)-a-par+a→para (3)-y-brad+y→ brady-pol+y→poly Latin source -1- mult +i- multi-i+ cide-> -icide oV+→ov

Combining Vowel 1. Types of combining vowels Greek source (1) -o- cardi + o → cardio￾o + logy → -ology (2) -a- par + a → para- (3) -y- brad + y → brady- pol + y → poly￾Latin source -i- mult + i→ multi- i + cide → -icide ov + i → ovi-

Combining Vowel 2. arrangement of the combining vowels (1)gastro pathy gastropathy parla thyroid-> parathyroid (2) gastro t alga>gastralgia gastro itis> gastritis par/a enteral-> parenteral (3) gastro intestinal -> gastrointestinal nephro abdominal-> nephroabdominal (4) gastro hagia gastrorrhagia splen/o rhaphy > splenorrhaphy Ka t rhythm +ia- arrhythmia

Combining Vowel 2. arrangement of the combining vowels (1) gastr/o + pathy → gastropathy par/a + thyroid → parathyroid (2) gastr/o + algia → gastralgia gastr/o + itis → gastritis par/a + enteral → parenteral (3) gastr/o + intestinal → gastrointestinal nephr/o + abdominal → nephroabdominal (4) gastr/o + rhagia → gastrorrhagia splen/o + rhaphy → splenorrhaphy a + rhythm + ia → arrhythmia

Word formation 令 Affixation 冷 Composition ☆ Conversion 冷 Blending 令 Backformation s clipping % Initialism and Acronym

Word Formation ❖ Affixation ❖ Composition ❖ Conversion ❖ Blending ❖ Backformation ❖ Clipping ❖ Initialism and Acronym

Affixation Affixation: formation of words by means of affixes(prefix and suffix) prefixation suffixation

Affixation Affixation: formation of words by means of affixes (prefix and suffix). prefixation suffixation