上海交通大学：《工程学导论》课程教学资源（讲义）Technical knowledge_Machine Tools

Manufacturing Topic II Machine Tools&Systems

Manufacturing Topic II Machine Tools& Systems

Contents >The evolution of machine tools >Material removal techniques on machine tools >Metal Cutting Operations

Contents The evolution of machine tools Material removal techniques on machine tools Metal Cutting Operations

The evolution of machine tools > 6000 years ago -----bow drill(弓 钻) 2000 or 3000 years ago----lathe > The cutting tools used on these machines were made of copper or more probably bronze

The evolution of machine tools 6000 years ago ------------ bow drill ( 弓 钻） 2000 or 3000 years ago ---- lathe The cutting tools used on these machines were made of copper or more probably bronze

In about 1772 -------Boring Machine This machine was developed by Wilkinson.It was powered by a water wheel and was used to bore the cylinders of the first steam engines The cutting tools used were made of high- carbon steel suitably heat treated

In about 1772 ------- Boring Machine This machine was developed by Wilkinson. It was powered by a water wheel and was used to bore the cylinders of the first steam engines The cutting tools used were made of high￾carbon steel suitably heat treated

Waterwheel Casting being machined Boring bar Figure 1-2.The first true machine tool is thought to be the boring mill invented by John Wilkinson in 1774.It enabled James Watt to complete the first successful steam engine.The boring bar was rigidly supported at both ends,and was rotated by waterpower.It could bore a 36"diameter cylinder to an accuracy of less than 1/16".(DoALL Co.)

In about 1792 --- Screw cutting lathe with a slide rest This machine was developed by Maudsley, which was more efficient than any previous machine. Figure 1-3.Henry Maudslay's screw-cutting lathe.This machine tool,constructed on a heavy frame,combined a mas- ter lead screw and a movable slide rest.The lead screw had to be changed when a different thread pitch was required. (DoALL Co.)

In about 1792 -------- Screw cutting lathe with a slide rest This machine was developed by Maudsley, which was more efficient than any previous machine

>Throughout the Industrial Revolution-------a lot of different type of machine tools From about 1850-1950-----------a whole range of new types of machine tools such as capstan(turret)lathes(转塔式六角车 and cam-controlled machines with mechanical systems for automatic control

Throughout the Industrial Revolution-------a lot of different type of machine tools From about 1850-1950----------- a whole range of new types of machine tools such as capstan (turret) lathes （转塔式六角车 床） and cam-controlled machines with mechanical systems for automatic control

These machines were the first machines capable of the high rates of production required for the mass production of components Figure 1-4.One of the first practical milling machines manufac tured in America.Eli Whitney used it and similar machines to mass-produce musket parts that were interchangeable. (DoALL Co.)

These machines were the first machines capable of the high rates of production required for the mass production of components

>Between1947-1952--- first NC numerical control)machine tool was developed at MIT,in conjunction with Parsons Aircraft Corporation >From 1970-present days CNC (computer numerical control)machine tool

Between 1947-1952--------- first NC ( numerical control) machine tool was developed at MIT, in conjunction with Parsons Aircraft Corporation From 1970 - present days ---------- CNC (computer numerical control) machine tool

、 Stormecm Figure 1-8.Slant bed CNC lathe with hydraulic chucking and an electronically indexed 12 station turret. (Clausing Industrial,Inc.)