北京化工大学：《有机化学》课程教学资源（试卷习题）习题21（试题）

习题 21.1用简单的化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物。 (1)正丁醛、丁酮、1-溴丁烷、正丁醇 (2)甲醛、甲酸、丙酸、正戊烷、正丙醚 (3)氯乙烷、氯乙烯、3-氯丙烷、氯苯、苄基氯 (4)甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、叔丁醇 OH OCH COOH CHO COCH3 NHCH CH 6K_》-CH,cooH《 CH=CH2 〉-CH2CH3 C=CH -OCH2CH3 -COCH3 -CH2CH2OH 7 CH NH N(CH3) COOH (9)CH3CHO CH3CH2CHO -CHO 0 CH:CCH-CH2CH3 0 0 0 (10)CH3CH2CH CH.CCH CH3CHCH3 CH3CH2CH2OH CHCH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2COOH 212提纯或分离下列各化组化合物。 (1)分离苯甲酸、苯酚、环己酮、环己醇

21.1 ￾✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☎☛✌☞✎✍✎✏✌✑✌✒✎✓✡✔☎✞✌✕☎✖✘✗ ✙ 1 ✚✜✛✌✢☎✣✥✤✦✢✎✧★✤ 1-✩✌✢✫✪✬✤✦✛✌✢☎✭ ✙ 2 ✚✡✮✯✣★✤★✮✱✰✥✤✦✲✎✰★✤✦✛✎✳☎✪✝✤✴✛✎✲☎✵ ✙ 3 ✚✜✶★✷✜✪✬✤✦✶★✷✜✸✬✤ 3-✶✌✲✫✪✝✤✴✶☎✹✥✤✟✺✌✻✡✶ ✙ 4 ✚✡✮✯✭★✤✌✷✼✭✥✤✦✛✌✲☎✭★✤✦✽✡✲☎✭✥✤✼✾✡✢☎✭ . (5) OH CH3 OCH3 COOH CH3 CHO COCH3 NH2 CH3 NHCH3 (6) CH2COOH CH CH2 CH2CH3 C CH OCH2CH3 COCH3 CH2CH2OH (7) CH2NH2 CH2CN CH2NHCH3 CONH2 NH2 N(CH3 )2 (8) OH OH O COOH CHO (9) CH3CHO CH3CH2CHO CHO O (10) CH3CH2CH O CH3CCH3 O CH3CHCH3 O CH3CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2COOH CH3CCH2CH2CH3 O CCH3 O 21.2 ✿✌❀✌❁✎❂✡❃✑✌✒✎✓✌✞✌✔✎✞✌✕☎✖✘✗ ✙ 1 ✚❄❂✡❃☎✹❅✮✱✰✥✤✼✹✎❆✥✤✟❇✘❈✟✧★✤✼❇✬❈✟✭

(3)分离CH -CHCH; NO2 (5)由异戊醇氧化制备异戊醛时，除去未反应的异戊醇外，还有少量的异戊酸，如何提纯 异戊醛？ (6)1溴丁烷中有少量的正丁醇、正丁醛和丁酸。如何提纯？ 刀分离 om、○-oH和aaoH (8)分离CH(CH)CHO、CH(CH2)3CH2OH和CH;CH2COCH2CH CH3 CH3 CH3 CH2 CH 分离

(2) ❉✬❊ COOH ❋ O ❋ CH3CH2CH2COCH2CH3 ● C(n-C4H9)2O CH3 NH2 CH3 NO2 CHCH3 NO2 (3) ❍❅■ ❏ ❑ (4) ❍❅■ OCH3 ❏ NH2 ❏ OH ❏ COOH ✙ 5 ✚✂▲✯✽✎✳✌✭✎▼✞✎◆✡❖✽✎✳✌✣★P✡◗☎❘❚❙✌❯✡❱❚❲ ✆✽✎✳✌✭✌❳✥◗✟❨✡❩✡❬☎❭ ✆✽✌✳✎✰✥◗✦❪✌❫☎✿✌❀ ✽✌✳✌✣✝❴ ✙ 6 ✚ 1-✩✌✢❚✪✘❵✟❩✡❬✫❭ ✆✛✌✢✎✭★✤✴✛✎✢✎✣☎❛✂✢☎✰✥◗✼❪✌❫✎✿✌❀✬❴ (7)
OH OH  CH3CH2COOH (8)
CH3 (CH2 )3CHO CH3 (CH2 )3CH2OH CH3CH2COCH2CH3 (9)
OH Et CH3 CH3 N CH3 CH3 H O CH3 CH3