安徽师范大学：《植物学》课程教学课件（讲稿）绪论 Introduction（英文）

Botany

Botany

Whatis aplant?You already have some notion of what a plant is--an im-mobile,green organism that weeat, mow, and usefor dec-oration and shade-butit'sdifficulttocomeupwith a sim-ple definition for the word plant. Not all plants are green,and someplants consumeanimals.Indeed,manyplants donot look or seem like plants at all, but the most familiarplants sharea few common characteristics

What is a plant ? 4

Plants share many characteristics with otherorganismsTake in and use energy.NConsist of a single cell or many cells.NReproduce.YRespond to the environment in which they live>Share parts of a common ancestry and havecoevolved with other organisms.5

Plants share many characteristics with other organisms ➢ Take in and use energy. ➢ Consist of a single cell or many cells. ➢ Reproduce. ➢ Respond to the environment in which they live. ➢ Share parts of a common ancestry and have coevolved with other organisms. 5

The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greekword βotdv (botane) meaning "pasture", "grass", or"fodder"; βot&vn is in turn derived from βookeiv(boskein),"to feed" or "to graze

The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word βοτάνη (botanē) meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; βοτάνη is in turn derived from βόσκειν (boskein), "to feed" or "to graze

Plantae(Carolus Linnaeus,1707-1778)2 Kingdom systemAnimaliaProtista3 Kingdom system (Haeckel, 1866)Fungi4 Kingdom system (Whittake, 1959)Monera5 Kingdom system (Whittake, 1969)Vira6 Kingdom system(Chen shixiang, in the 1970s)

2 Kingdom system Plantae Animalia (Carolus Linnaeus,1707-1778) Protista 3 Kingdom system (Haeckel, 1866) Fungi 4 Kingdom system (Whittake, 1959) Monera 5 Kingdom system (Whittake, 1969) Vira 6 Kingdom system (Chen shixiang, in the 1970s )

Thee Classification of LivingOrganismsAbout 10million differentkinds of organismslivingonearth,of whichonlyabout 1.4millionhavebeennamedand cataloguedThe TwoKingdoms of LifeCarolus Linnaeus(1707-1778))?KingdomPlantaeKingdom AnimaliaThe classification was mainly based on Modes ofNutrition and Mobility (ability of movement)

TheFive Kingdomsof LifeR.H. Whittaker (1969)原核生物界/KingdomMonera:Cellsoforganismslack a nuclear envelope and other membrane-boundorganelles.原生生物界/KingdomProtista:Eukaryoticunicellular or multicellular organisms真菌界/KingdomFungi植物界/KingdomPlantae动物界/KingdomAnimalia(cell structure, modes of nutrition, morphologicalcharacteristics

植物界动物界Fungi 真菌界PlantsAnimals福LVertebratesArthropodsDicotAscomycetesMonocotAnnelids7PrmitivechordatesGymnospermsOomycetesMollusksBasidiomycotesBryophytesLowerEchinodermsvascular2plantsONematodesGreenalgaeCnidariansFlatwormsDeuteromycetesZygomycetesRed algaePrimitiveBrownaigaeSpongesnatwormsSlimemoldProtistsFlagellatesCiliates原生生物界Amoeboids-2Monerans80CArchaebacteria原核生物界Eubacteria

BackgroundBiologists have long organized livingthings into large groups called kingdoms

Background Biologists have long organized living things into large groups called kingdoms

EukaryoteKingdom systemProkaryoteProkaryotesNo separate organelles intheir cells>Bacteria>ArchaebacteriaEukaryotesSeparate organellesin their cellsPlantaeFungiAnimaliaProtistsPlantsProtistaEukaryotesFungi/ProkaryotesAnimalsBacteria&Archaebacteria

Bacteria & Archaebacteria Prokaryote Eukaryote Kingdom system Prokaryotes No separate organelles in their cells ➢Bacteria ➢Archaebacteria Eukaryotes Separate organelles in their cells Protists Plants Fungi Animals