《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 1 Symmetry and Point Group 对称性与点群

Part IlI Symmetry and BondingChapter 1 Symmetry and Point Groups第一章对称性与点群Prof.Dr.XinLu(吕鑫)Email: xinlu@xmu.edu.cnhttp://pcoss.xmu.edu.cn/xlv/index.htmlhttp://pcoss.xmu.edu.cn/xlv/courses/theochem/index.html
Part III Symmetry and Bonding Prof. Dr. Xin Lu (吕鑫) Email: xinlu@xmu.edu.cn http://pcoss.xmu.edu.cn/xlv/index.html http://pcoss.xmu.edu.cn/xlv/courses/theochem/index.html Chapter 1 Symmetry and Point Groups 第一章 对称性与点群

Recommended books.Vincent A.,Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory,2nd edition,Wiley,2001·Barrett J., Structure andBonding,RSC, 2001· Cotton F. A., Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd edition, Wiley, 1990.: Atkins P. W. & Friedman R. S., Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, OUP, 2005Physical Chemistry,Donald A McOuarrie and John D. SimonUniversityScienceBooksGood for otherparts of the coursetoo
Recommended books • Vincent A., Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory, 2nd edition, Wiley, 2001. • Barrett J., Structure and Bonding, RSC, 2001 • Cotton F. A., Chemical Applications of Group Theory, 3rd edition, Wiley, 1990. • Atkins P. W. & Friedman R. S., Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 4th edition, OUP, 2005 • Physical Chemistry, Donald A McQuarrie and John D. Simon University Science Books Good for other parts of the course too

1.1 Introduction. In this course we will explore how the symmetry of molecules can be described preciselyusing Group Theory and how, armed with the concepts from this theory, we can go on topredict andunderstand importantpropertiesofmolecules. In particular we shall focus on02p1bi)how symmetry helps us to construct molecular orbitalLAH1sdiagrams;ii)howithelpsinthecalculationoftheenergiesand02spreciseform ofthe orbitalsii) how to use symmetry to predict and describe thehydrogenoxygenproperties of the vibrational normal modes ofAOsAOs/SOsMOsmolecules and theiractivityinIR andRaman spectraMolecular orbital diagramforH,O
1.1 Introduction • In this course we will explore how the symmetry of molecules can be described precisely using Group Theory and how, armed with the concepts from this theory, we can go on to predict and understand important properties of molecules. • In particular we shall focus on i) how symmetry helps us to construct molecular orbital diagrams; ii) how it helps in the calculation of the energies and precise form of the orbitals. iii) how to use symmetry to predict and describe the properties of the vibrational normal modes of molecules and their activity in IR and Raman spectra. Molecular orbital diagram for H2O H 1s O 2p O 2s

1.1.1 The SimplePowerfulness of Symmetry. The symmetry possessed by a molecule has a powerful influence on its properties.? For example, benzene ~high symmetry!>All of the carbon atoms are equivalent, thus havingHHthesameproperties,suchaschemicalshift>Likewise,theelectrondensityoneachhydrogen isHHthe same.> If a calculation predicted that this was not so, weHHwouldimmediatelyknowthatthecalculationmustbewrong
1.1.1 The Simple Powerfulness of Symmetry • The symmetry possessed by a molecule has a powerful influence on its properties. • For example, benzene ~ high symmetry! All of the carbon atoms are equivalent, thus having the same properties, such as chemical shift. Likewise, the electron density on each hydrogen is the same. If a calculation predicted that this was not so, we would immediately know that the calculation must be wrong

1.1.2分子形状与对称性简介“更对称”?对称与视觉美感对称物体-由完全等同部件组成球形立方体>对称之美--日常生活中随处可见NH3H20分子对称性一因原子几何排列而具有一定的外形和对称性,可根据对称性特征对分子进行分类正四面体型:CH4vsSO42三角锥型:NH3VsSO3
1.1.2 分子形状与对称性简介 对称与视觉美感 对称之美 - 日常生活中随处可见 对称物体 - 由完全等同部件组成 分子对称性 – 因原子几何排列而具有一定的外形和对称性,可根据对称性特征对分子进行分类; “更对称”- ? 球形 ? 立方体 NH3 ? H2O > > 正四面体型:CH4 vs SO4 2– 三角锥型:NH3 vs SO3 2–

120°1.2对称元素与对称操作120139pm12Q对称操作(symmetryoperation对物体做一个动作(操作)后,物体的每一点都与原始物体的等价点(或可109pm能是相同的点)相重合!简言之,就是完成动作后物体看似不动!例1:以通过苯环心且垂直分子平面的直线为轴,顺时针旋转30°、60°90°、120°,哪个为对称操作?0060°90°XX30°120°例2:苯分子,以1,4位碳原子连线为轴,旋转90°或180°,哪个为对称操作?后一动作y例3:苯分子,以分子平面为镜面,做照镜子动作?例4:苯分子,以环心为原点,所有原子坐标均做(x,y,z)(-x-y-z)的反演变换
1.2 对称元素与对称操作 对称操作(symmetry operation) 对物体做一个动作(操作)后,物体的每一点都与原始物体的等价点(或可 能是相同的点)相重合!简言之,就是完成动作后物体看似不动! 例3:苯分子, 以分子平面为镜面,做照镜子动作? 例4:苯分子,以环心为原点,所有原子坐标均做 (x,y,z) (-x,-y,-z) 的反演变换 例1:以通过苯环心且垂直分子平面的直线为轴,顺时针旋转30 、60 、90 、120,哪个为对称操作? 例2:苯分子,以1,4位碳原子连线为轴,旋转 90 或 180,哪个为对称操作? 0 30 X 60 90 X 120 后一动作

o1.2对称元素与对称操作对称元素(symmetryelement)对称操作所据以进行的点(对称中心或反演中心)、线(对称轴或旋转轴)、面(对称面或镜面等几何元素。对称元素产生对称操作!共有五类对称元素对称操作(其符号为算符!)对称元素符号对称心ii,反演(inversion)一所有原子通过中心的反演o,反映(reflection)一从镜面的一侧反映到另一侧对称面a对称轴CnCn,旋转(rotation)一绕轴转动(360°/n)或其倍数角度映转轴SSn,旋转反映(rotation-reflection)一绕轴转动360/n,再在垂直轴的平面中反映E恒等E,恒等操作(identity)-不动
1.2 对称元素与对称操作 • 对称元素(symmetry element): 对称操作所据以进行的 点(对称中心或反演中心)、线(对称轴或旋转轴)、面(对称面或镜面) 等几何元素。 对称面 对称心 对称轴 对称元素产生对称操作! 恒等 映转轴 对称元素 符号 𝒊, 反演 (inversion) – 所有原子通过中心的反演 对称操作(其符号为算符!) i , 反映(reflection) –从镜面的一侧反映到另一侧 Cn Cn , 旋转(rotation) – 绕轴转动 (360/n) 或其倍数角度 Sn 𝑺𝒏 , 旋转反映 (rotation-reflection) – 绕轴转动360/n,再在垂直轴的平面中反映 E 𝑬,恒等操作(identity) – 不动 共有五类对称元素

1.2.1恒等(identity,E)恒等元素E生成的对称操作为恒等操作E-不动所有物体均具恒等元素CHFCIBr(Anasymmetricmolecule)
• 恒等元素E 生成的对称操作为恒等操作E – 不动 1.2.1 恒等 (identity, E) • 所有物体均具恒等元素 CHFClBr (An asymmetric molecule)

1.2.2对称中心(centerof symmetry)/反演中心(centerofinversion)将坐标原点位于分子中的某一点时,若把分子中每个原子的坐标(x,y,z)变为(-x,-y-z)可使分子进入等价构型(看似不动!)COOH则原点所在点为对称中心或反演中心,符号为iHO反演中心只生成一个操作一反演i(x,y,z)→(-x,-y,-z)CentreofinversionOHHOO3Meso-tartaricacidHC2He
1.2.2 对称中心(center of symmetry)/反演中心(center of inversion) • 将坐标原点位于分子中的某一点时,若把分子中每个原子的 坐标(x,y,z)变为(-x,-y,-z)可使分子进入等价构型(看似不动!), 则原点所在点为对称中心或反演中心, 符号为i。 • 反演中心只生成一个操作—反演i: (x,y,z) (-x,-y,-z) C6H6 C2H6

1.2.3对称轴(axisof symmetry或旋转轴)与转动(rotation)将物体围绕一根直线旋转360°/n后,看似未动,物体具有C.轴(n次轴,n-foldaxisofrotation)。120'rotation120°rotationFF例:BF,中的C3ClorC(C3)3= E240° rotation, i.e., (C,)2=C,2C轴生成n个相互独立的旋转操作C"(转动mx360°/n,m=1,2....,n),C"=E.O:BF,中是否还有其它对称轴?分子中有多根对称轴时,轴次n最大的为主轴(principalaxis)。Q:乙烷(交叉式构象)中有哪些C轴?哪个为主轴?
1.2.3 对称轴(axis of symmetry, 或旋转轴) 与 转动(rotation) • 将物体围绕一根直线旋转360/n后,看似未动,物体具有Cn轴 (n次轴,n-fold axis of rotation)。 240 rotation, i.e., (C3 ) 2 = C3 2 C3 1 or C3 C3 例:BF3中的C3 (C3 ) 3= E • Cn轴 生成n个相互独立的旋转操作Cn m (转动m×360/n , m= 1,2,.,n), Cn n = E。 Q: BF3中是否还有其它对称轴? • 分子中有多根对称轴时,轴次n最大的为主轴 (principal axis)。 Q: 乙烷(交叉式构象)中有哪些Cn轴?哪个为主轴?
按次数下载不扣除下载券;
注册用户24小时内重复下载只扣除一次;
顺序:VIP每日次数-->可用次数-->下载券;
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 8 Diatomic molecules.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 7 Approximate methods-the Variation Method.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 6 Many-electron atoms.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 5 The Hydrogen atoms.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 4 Angular Momentum.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 3 Operators in Quantum Mechanics.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 2 Some Simple Cases.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Basic concepts of Quantum mechanics Chapter 1 The Basic Concepts of Quantum Mechanics.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(书籍文献)群论在化学中的应用(科顿).pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(书籍文献)结构化学基础,周公度编著,北京大学出版社.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(书籍文献)化学键的本质(鲍林).pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-6.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-5.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-4.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-3.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-2.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)i1-1.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part II 分子结构的测量与表征(How to measure and charaterize the structure of molecules)测定分子结构.pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part I 原子、分子的电子结构与化学反应(The Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules and Chemical Reactions)Chapter 3 反应性(Reactivity).pdf
- 《基础化学 Fundamentals in Chemistry》课程教学课件(分子形状与结构 The Shapes and Structures of Molecules)Part I 原子、分子的电子结构与化学反应(The Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules and Chemical Reactions)第二章 分子电子结构(Chapter 2 The Electronic Structures of Molecules)第三讲.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 2 Representations 群表示.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 3 Direct Products 直积.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 4 Vanishing Integrals 零积分.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 5 Molecular Orbitals 分子轨道.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 6 Huckel Molecular Orbitals 休克尔分子轨道.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 6 a complementary part regarding the Graphical Representations of HMOs.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 7 Normal Modes 简正模.pdf
- 《无机化学 Chemical Theory》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part II Molecular Spectroscopy Chapter 8 Miscellany 其它.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(书籍文献)苏文锻编著, 系综原理, 南强出版社.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(书籍文献)唐有祺, 统计力学及其在物理化学中的应用.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(书籍文献)Paul L. Houston, Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(书籍文献)Santosh K. Upadhyay, Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Dynamics,Springer.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lecture 1(Class 1)统计力学基本知识.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lecture 2(Class 2)Ensembles(系综).pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lectures 3-4(Class 3 & 4)简单体系.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lecture 6(Class 5)量子气体.pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lecture 7(Class 6)相倚子体系(1/2).pdf
- 《Statistical Mechanics, Chemical Kinetics & Reaction Dynamics》课程教学资源(讲稿)Part I Statistical Mechanics Lecture 8(Class 7)相倚子体系(2/2).pdf
- 化学专业英语《Chemistry English》课程教学资源(讲义)A MS Word version of Lectures1-12 is available for you to make print copy.doc
- 化学专业英语《Chemistry English》课程教学资源(PPT课件)Lecture 01.ppt
