电子科技大学：《语言学通论 General Linguistics》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）04 Formalist Approach

Syntax Formalist Approach 楚军外国语学院 (EST GB)

Formalist Approach (EST & GB) 楚军 外国语学院 Syntax

Introduction Background Criticisms of Chomsky's Standard Theory come from within the TG grammar, and the issue is on the relationship between syntax and semantics. Thus TG grammar divides into: --interpretative semantics,represented by Chomsky,J.Katz,R.Jackendoff,who emphasize that semantics is just for the purpose of interpretation /explanation and syntax and semantics are two separate parts;

Introduction & Background Criticisms of Chomsky’s Standard Theory come from within the TG grammar, and the issue is on the relationship between syntax and semantics. Thus TG grammar divides into: --interpretative semantics, represented by Chomsky, J. Katz, R. Jackendoff, who emphasize that semantics is just for the purpose of interpretation /explanation and syntax and semantics are two separate parts;

Introduction Background generative semantics,represented by G.Lakoff. J.Ross and J.McCawley,who believe that syntax and semantics are closely related and the purpose of generation is to connect the semantics expressions with the surface structure

Introduction & Background --generative semantics, represented by G. Lakoff, J. Ross and J. McCawley, who believe that syntax and semantics are closely related and the purpose of generation is to connect the semantics expressions with the surface structure

Introduction Background After taking Jackendoff's advice,Chomsky revised Standard Theory twice: First,Extended Standard Theory(EST)on the basis of the publication of Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Semantic Interpretation 1972): Second,Revised Extended Standard Theory (REST)on the basis of Essays on Form and Interpretation (1977). People later generally refer to EST Model

Introduction & Background After taking Jackendoff’s advice, Chomsky revised Standard Theory twice: First, Extended Standard Theory (EST) on the basis of the publication of Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Semantic Interpretation (1972); Second, Revised Extended Standard Theory (REST) on the basis of Essays on Form and Interpretation (1977). People later generally refer to EST Model

1970's EST Model:Main Contents EST includes: Base:PS rules (X-bar theory)+Lexicon Transformational Component: T.rules +T.conditions Case Component: Case-marking rules Case filters Deletion Component: Deletion rules Deletion condition Semantic Component (logical Form): Indexing rules Binding conditions

1970’s EST Model: Main Contents EST includes: • Base: PS rules (X-bar theory) + Lexicon • Transformational Component: T. rules + T. conditions • Case Component: Case-marking rules + Case filters • Deletion Component: Deletion rules + Deletion condition • Semantic Component (logical Form): Indexing rules + Binding conditions

1970's EST Model:Base Lexicon: In every lexical item in the Lexicon of EST: phonological property, morphological property, syntactic property, semantic property

1970’s EST Model: Base Lexicon: In every lexical item in the Lexicon of EST: phonological property, morphological property, syntactic property, semantic property

1970's EST Model:Base Selection restrictions: --belonging to semantic information,to determine the correspondent collocations between lexical items in meaning. e.g.kill:Vt.[-[NP animate]] John killed the dog. *John killed the corps

1970’s EST Model: Base • Selection restrictions: --belonging to semantic information, to determine the correspondent collocations between lexical items in meaning. e.g. kill: Vt. + [-[NP + animate]] John killed the dog. *John killed the corps

1970's EST Model:Transformational Component Transformational Component in EST includes T.rule and T.conditions. There is only one T.rule (a-movement and 14 T.conditions. a-movement mainly includes wh- movement and NP-movement

1970’s EST Model: Transformational Component • Transformational Component in EST includes T. rule and T. conditions. • There is only one T. rule (α-movement ) and 14 T. conditions. • α-movement mainly includes wh￾movement and NP-movement

1970's EST Model:Case Component Case component: --the purpose of the Case component is to provide the sentence element with correspondent case forms. It includes Case-marking rules and Case filters

1970’s EST Model: Case Component • Case component: --the purpose of the Case component is to provide the sentence element with correspondent case forms. It includes Case-marking rules and Case filters

1970's EST Model:Deletion Component Deletion Component: --the purpose of Deletion Component is to transform the case-marked S-structure to Surface structure. (1)Wh-deletion rules: --the rule is to delete the wh-phrase in the COMP position,esp.in a relative clause

1970’s EST Model: Deletion Component • Deletion Component: --the purpose of Deletion Component is to transform the case-marked S-structure to Surface structure. (1) Wh-deletion rules: --the rule is to delete the wh-phrase in the COMP position, esp. in a relative clause