昆明理工大学：《大学物理》课程教学资源（PPT课件，英文版）第七章 热力学基础 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Chapter 7 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 热力学基础 ND

Chapter 7 Fundamentals of Thermodynamics 热力学基础

§7- Internal Energy Heat&work内能功热量 §7-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics热力学第一 定律 87-3 Application of the First Law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律对理想气体等容、等压和等温过 程的应用 §7-4 The heat capacities of an Ideal gas理想气体 的热容

§7-1 Internal Energy Heat & Work 内能 功 热量 §7-2 The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一 定律 §7-3 Application of the First Law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律对理想气体等容、等压和等温过 程的应用 §7-4 The Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas 理想气体 的热容

87-5 Application of the First Law to Adiabatic Processes热力学第一定律对理想气体绝热过程 的应用 87-6 Cyclical Processes Thermal Efficiency Carnot Cycle Reverse Cycle循环过程热机 的效率卡诺循环逆循环 §7-7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学 第二定律 87-8 Reversible Irreversible Process 可逆过程与不可逆过程、卡诺定理 87-9 Statistical Meaning of The Second Law 热力学第二定律的统计意义 §7-10 Entropy熵

§7-5 Application of the First Law to Adiabatic Processes 热力学第一定律对理想气体绝热过程 的应用 §7-6 Cyclical Processes Thermal Efficiency Carnot Cycle Reverse Cycle 循环过程 热机 的效率 卡诺循环 逆循环 §7-7 The Second Law of Thermodynamics热力学 第二定律 §7-8 Reversible & Irreversible Process 可逆过程与不可逆过程、卡诺定理 §7-9 Statistical Meaning of The Second Law 热力学第二定律的统计意义 §7-10 Entropy 熵

基本要求 1理解内能,功和热量的概念。掌握热力学第一定 律和它在理想气体各种等值过程中的应用; 2理解热容量的概念,掌握能量按自由度均分定理; 3明确循环的意义,能对简单循环进行计算。了解 熵增加原理和热力学第二定律的统计意义

1.理解内能，功和热量的概念。掌握热力学第一定 律和它在理想气体各种等值过程中的应用； 2.理解热容量的概念，掌握能量按自由度均分定理； 3.明确循环的意义，能对简单循环进行计算。了解 熵增加原理和热力学第二定律的统计意义。 基本要求

7-1 Internal Energy Heat&work内能 功热量 1. Two basic concepts(系统与外界): Thermodynamic system: a system that can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways one of which must be heat transfer §而3e成能e功s超毒 Thermodynamic system its surroundings

its surroundings 1. Two basic concepts(系统与外界）: is a system that can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways, one of which must be heat transfer. Thermodynamic system: The surroundings : are everything outside the system. Thermodynamic system §7-1 Internal Energy Heat &Work 内能 功 热量 §7-1 Internal Energy Heat &Work 内能 功 热量

Thermodynamic systems in engineering: a gas, such as air, a vapor, such as steam; a liquid, such as freon(氟利昂,一种致冷剂); a solid, such as semiconductor(半导体);…… They are alse0 called as working substance(工作物质) working substance Thermodynamic system A system of gas will be studied in this chapter

Thermodynamic systems in engineering: a gas, such as air， a vapor, such as steam; a liquid, such as freon(氟利昂，一种致冷剂）; a solid, such as semiconductor(半导体）; …….. They are also called as working substance（工作物质）. Thermodynamic system working substance A system of gas will be studied in this chapter

Man is the most complicated system which needs to eat, sleep, work, do many and many things ●。●●。●0●●●●●●●。。● 州A啊AR

Man is the most complicated system which needs to eat, sleep,work, do many and many things………………

2. Internal energy of a systen(系统的内能) The concept of internal energy of a system have been introduced in the last chapter E(T)Mi 理想气体 内能 2 RT(6-18) It means that internal energy is a single value function of the gas.对于理想气体,由于分子间无相互 作用力,所以,理想气体的内能等于所有气体分子的动 能之和,系统的内能取决于系统的状态,是温度的单值函 数

The concept of internal energy of a system have been introduced in the last chapter. RT i E T  2 M ( ) = (6-18) It means that internal energy is a single value function of the gas. 对于理想气体，由于分子间无相互 作用力，所以，理想气体的内能等于所有气体分子的动 能之和,系统的内能取决于系统的状态，是温度的单值函 数 2. Internal energy of a system(系统的内能） 内能 理想气体

In general, the internal energy of thermodynamic system which concludes(包括) the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the molecules depends on not only the temperature but also the volume of the system. That is 系统 E=E(T,V) E has a definite value, decided only by the state of system

In general, the internal energy of thermodynamic system which concludes（包括） the kinetic energy and potential energy of all the molecules depends on not only the temperature but also the volume of the system. That is E = E(T ,V ) E has a definite value, decided only by the state of system. 系统

3. Heat and Work热与功的等效性 a thermod ynamic system can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways: ()transfer of heat (2) Doing the mechanical work on the system by its surroundings or on its surroundings by the system 交换热量 Thermodyna mic system 物质 its surroundings 做功

its surroundings 3. Heat and Work 热与功的等效性 A thermodynamic system can interact with its surroundings in at least two ways: (1) transfer of heat; (2) Doing the mechanical work on the system by its surroundings or on its surroundings by the system. Thermodynamic system 交换热量 物质 做功