四川建筑职业技术学院：《大学英语》课程教案讲义（3级考试）第十二讲 主谓一致

主谓一致 英语中的谓语动词在人称和数方面必须和主语保持一致! He is standing over there reading an english novel The police have found out who the murderer is 谓语动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致,这是一个总原则,运用时 还要掌握一些具体的规则: l.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数 如果两个名词指的是同一个人或事物时,谓语动词用单数 Nike and his classmate Tom are close friends 历克和他的同学汤姆是好朋友 The professor and writer is to give us a lecture on culture 这个教授兼作家要给我们做一个关于文化的讲座。 Trial and error is the source ofknowledge 尝试和错误是知识的来源。 Time and tide waits for no man 岁月不待人。 2.and连接两个被each, every,no等修饰的单数名词作主语时,谓语 动词用单数。如果连接的是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。 Every man and every woman is equal in participation of social affairs

主谓一致 英语中的谓语动词在人称和数方面必须和主语保持一致！ He is standing over there , reading an English novel. The police have found out who the murderer is. 谓语动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致，这是一个总原则，运用时 还要掌握一些具体的规则： 1. and 连接两个或两个以上单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数； 如果两个名词指的是同一个人或事物时，谓语动词用单数。 Nike and his classmate Tom are close friends. 历克和他的同学汤姆是好朋友。 The professor and writer is to give us a lecture on culture. 这个教授兼作家要给我们做一个关于文化的讲座。 Trial and error is the source of knowledge. 尝试和错误是知识的来源。 Time and tide waits for no man. 岁月不待人。 2. and 连接两个被 each , every , no 等修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语 动词用单数。如果连接的是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。 Every man and every woman is equal in participation of social affairs

男女平等参与社会事务 No teacher and no student is itted to take the books out ofthe lib 老师和同学都不允许把书带出图书馆 Each desk and each chair is in plac 每张课桌和椅子都放在应放的位置 No boys and no girls have heard the story befo 男孩和女孩以前都没有听过这个故事 3. many a/ more than one+单数名词作主语(其意思虽为复数)时,谓 语动词用单数。 a great many/a great number of十复数名词作主语,谓语动词用复 数 Many a man likes to watch football games 很多男性都喜欢看足球比赛。 More than one student has been praised 不止一个学生受到了表扬 a great many things have happened here since you left last month 自从你上个月离开以后,这里发生了很多事情。 a great number of foreigners have come to realize that China is making contributions to world peace 很多外国人逐渐意识到中国正在对世界和平做出巨大的贡献

男女平等参与社会事务。 No teacher and no student is permitted to take the books out of the library. 老师和同学都不允许把书带出图书馆。 Each desk and each chair is in place. 每张课桌和椅子都放在应放的位置。 No boys and no girls have heard the story before. 男孩和女孩以前都没有听过这个故事。 3. many a/ more than one＋单数名词作主语（其意思虽为复数）时，谓 语动词用单数。 a great many/a great number of ＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复 数。 Many a man likes to watch football games. 很多男性都喜欢看足球比赛。 More than one student has been praised. 不止一个学生受到了表扬。 A great many things have happened here since you left last month. 自从你上个月离开以后，这里发生了很多事情。 A great number of foreigners have come to realize that China is making contributions to world peace. 很多外国人逐渐意识到中国正在对世界和平做出巨大的贡献

4.当不定式短语,动名词短语或从句作主语时,表示一个抽象的概 念,谓语动词用单数。 To give is better than to take 给予比索取好。 Helping others is helping ourselves 帮助别人就是帮助自己。 Whether they will accept our invitation is still unknown 他们是否接受我们的邀请,现在还不知道。 5. something anything everything nothing every either somebody any body everybody nobody each neither someone anor ne everyone no one 等不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it 世上无难事,只怕有心人 Either of the shirts fits me perfectly 两件衬衫中任何一件都很适合我穿。 当none作主语时,在现代汉语中谓语动词多用复数,但有时也用单 数 None of us is/are afraid of difficulties 我们中没有人害怕困难

4. 当不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，表示一个抽象的概 念，谓语动词用单数。 To give is better than to take. 给予比索取好。 Helping others is helping ourselves. 帮助别人就是帮助自己。 Whether they will accept our invitation is still unknown. 他们是否接受我们的邀请，现在还不知道。 5. something anything everything nothing every either somebody anybody everybody nobody each neither someone anyone everyone no one 等不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 Either of the shirts fits me perfectly. 两件衬衫中任何一件都很适合我穿。 当 none 作主语时，在现代汉语中谓语动词多用复数，但有时也用单 数。 None of us is/are afraid of difficulties. 我们中没有人害怕困难

6.al,most,more,some,half, the rest; the remainder等词作主语时, 谓语动词取决于它所表示的概念是单数还是复数。 All has been eaten up 全吃完了。 All are agreed 致同意。 Most ofthe milk has gone sour 大多数牛奶已变酸。 Half of the students in our class have read Harry Porter 我们班有一半的学生读过《哈利·波特》。 7.表示时间,距离,重量,价值,金钱数额等度量衡的复数名词作 主语时,谓语动词用单数。 One thousands mils is a long distance 一千英里是很长的一段距离 One hundred dollars is enough 百元钱足够了。 The minutes is enough for this task 十分钟干这件工作足够了 注意:在算式中,谓语动词用单数复数都可以。 Three and seven makes/make ten

6. all , most , more , some , half , the rest ,the remainder 等词作主语时， 谓语动词取决于它所表示的概念是单数还是复数。 All has been eaten up. 全吃完了。 All are agreed. 一致同意。 Most of the milk has gone sour. 大多数牛奶已变酸。 Half of the students in our class have read Harry Porter. 我们班有一半的学生读过《哈利·波特》。 7. 表示时间，距离，重量，价值，金钱数额等度量衡的复数名词作 主语时，谓语动词用单数。 One thousands mils is a long distance. 一千英里是很长的一段距离。 One hundred dollars is enough. 一百元钱足够了。 The minutes is enough for this task. 十分钟干这件工作足够了。 注意：在算式中，谓语动词用单数复数都可以。 Three and seven makes/make ten

三加七等于十。 8一些以-s结尾,形式上是复数但实际上作为单数名词使用时,谓 语动词用单数 如:news, means(手段,方法,工具) works(工厂,著作), politics hysics, mathematics, economIcs, electronics(电子学), phonetics(语音 学) mechanics(力学) statistics(统计学), optics(光学)等。 Economics is a new subject that draws people's attention in China 经济学在中国是一门吸引人们注意力的新学科 9.形容词前加定冠词表示一类人,如: the rich, the poor, the deaf;the disabled等,和一些只用作复数的名词,有的是集合名词,如: people, police, public, militia, youth,catt, poultry;有的是由两部分构成的 物体名词,如: Scissors, shorts(短袜), pants, trousers, Jeans, shoes, glasses, pincers(钳子)有的是由动名词转化而来以ings结尾的名 ia, n: findings, teachings, savings, earnings, belongings surrounding The rich are not always generous to the poor 富人不总是对穷人慷慨大方。 The public are warned not to swim in the river 公众被告诫不要下此河游泳

三加七等于十。 8. 一些以-s 结尾，形式上是复数但实际上作为单数名词使用时，谓 语动词用单数。 如：news , means(手段，方法，工具),works(工厂，著作), politics , physics , mathematics , economics , electronics(电子学), phonetics(语音 学),mechanics(力学),statistics(统计学),optics(光学)等。 Economics is a new subject that draws people's attention in China. 经济学在中国是一门吸引人们注意力的新学科。 9. 形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，如：the rich, the poor, the deaf, the disabled 等，和一些只用作复数的名词，有的是集合名词，如：people , police , public , militia , youth , cattle , poultry;有的是由两部分构成的 物体名词，如：scissors , shorts(短袜), pants , trousers , jeans , shoes , glasses , pincers(钳子);有的是由动名词转化而来以 i n g s 结尾的名 词，如：findings , teachings,savings , earnings,belongings , surroundings。 The rich are not always generous to the poor. 富人不总是对穷人慷慨大方。 The public are warned not to swim in the river. 公众被告诫不要下此河游泳

10.集合名词,如 class, family, government, audience, crew, stuff, team, company, committee, cr owd等作主语时,如果是指一个整体,谓语动词用单数,如果指它各 个成员,谓语动词用复数 The audience were warmly applauding the performers for their wonder performance 观众们正在为演员们的精彩演出鼓掌。 The audience was so big that the hall was filled to the fullest capacity 观众之多,大厅达到最大的容量 试比较 The government is efficient The government are try ing their best to relieve people out of poverty 11.由or, either…"or, neither…nor, not only… . but also等词或短语连接 的并列主语,谓语动词和就近的一个名词或代词保持人称和数的 致 Either you or I am to attend the lecture on Mars 要么你,要么我去听关于火星的讲座。 not only the students but also their teacher is satisfied with the concert 不仅学生,而且老师都对这个音乐会感到满意 12.主语后有with, together with, along with, as well as, including,in

10. 集合名词，如 class,family,government,audience,crew,stuff,team,company,committee,cr owd 等作主语时，如果是指一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如果指它各 个成员，谓语动词用复数。 The audience were warmly applauding the performers for their wonderful performance. 观众们正在为演员们的精彩演出鼓掌。 The audience was so big that the hall was filled to the fullest capacity. 观众之多，大厅达到最大的容量。 试比较： The government is efficient. The government are trying their best to relieve people out of poverty. 11. 由 or , either…or , neither…nor, not only…but also 等词或短语连接 的并列主语，谓语动词和就近的一个名词或代词保持人称和数的一 致。 Either you or I am to attend the lecture on Mars. 要么你，要么我去听关于火星的讲座。 Not only the students but also their teacher is satisfied with the concert. 不仅学生，而且老师都对这个音乐会感到满意。 12. 主语后有 with , together with , along with, as well as , including , in

addition to no less than,like,but, except, accompanied by等词或短语连接的名 词或代词时,谓语动词与较远的保持一致 The teacher together with some foreigners is listening to the students singing 这位老师和一些外国朋友一起正在听学生们唱歌。 China's women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of works in the socialist construction of their country 中国的妇女和男子一样,正在参加祖国社会主义建设的各项工作 He as well as his brothers is surprised at the news 他和他的兄弟们对这个消息都感到吃惊

addition to, no less than , like , but , except , accompanied by 等词或短语连接的名 词或代词时，谓语动词与较远的保持一致。 The teacher, together with some foreigners, is listening to the students singing. 这位老师和一些外国朋友一起正在听学生们唱歌。 China's women, no less than men, are participating in all kinds of works in the socialist construction of their country. 中国的妇女和男子一样，正在参加祖国社会主义建设的各项工作。 He as well as his brothers is surprised at the news. 他和他的兄弟们对这个消息都感到吃惊