《英语词汇学》（英文版） English Lexicology-(IV)

English Lexicology (IV)

English Lexicology (IV)

Contents 10. Changes in Meaning 11. American English To be continued 2005 THE YEAR OF ANGUAGES

English lexicology (III) 2 Contents  10. Changes in Meaning  11. American English To be continued

Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively, the content is even more unstable than the form This chapter will deal with the major patterns that changes in meaning follow and the causes of changes English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 3  Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively, the content is even more unstable than the form.  This chapter will deal with the major patterns that changes in meaning follow and the causes of changes

10.1 Types of changes Extension/ generalization lady Economy Orientation influence holidays 癖 slogan Scene English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 4 10.1 Types of changes  Extension / Generalization  lady  Economy  Orientation  influence  holidays  slogan  Scene

10.1 Types of changes Narrowing/ Specialization 秦Deer 章g 章 garage liquor instant reply English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 5 10.1 Types of changes  Narrowing / Specialization  Deer  girl  garage  liquor  instant reply

10.1 Types of changes Elevation / amelioration Sth Low, humble, unpleasant-ansth. Noble, agreeable, pleasant * Marshall Shrewd Angel Minister English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 6 10.1 Types of changes  Elevation / Amelioration Sth. Low, humble, unpleasant------sth. Noble, agreeable, pleasant  Marshall  Shrewd  Angel  Minister

10.1 Types of changes Degradation/degeneration silly 癖 Villain,boor, churl Cunning English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 7 10.1 Types of changes  Degradation / Degeneration  Silly  Villain, boor, churl  Cunning

10.1 Types of changes Degradation/degeneration Intensifiers terrific, fantastic, marvelous, splendid, magnificent, wonderful, superb, tremendous, overpowering, fabulous horrible, outrageous, awful, dreadful t Weakening of meaning of intensifiers English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 8 10.1 Types of changes  Degradation / Degeneration  Intensifiers  terrific, fantastic, marvelous, splendid, magnificent, wonderful, superb, tremendous, overpowering, fabulous……  horrible, outrageous, awful, dreadful….  Weakening of meaning of intensifiers

10.1 Types of changes Transference Subjectiveness and objectiveness e He is doubtful of success a The future looks doubtful ●… an honourable gentleman an honourable invitation English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 9 10.1 Types of changes  Transference  Subjectiveness and objectiveness  He is doubtful of success.  The future looks doubtful.  …an honourable gentleman  …an honourable invitation

10.1 Types of changes Transference 蜂 subjectiveness objectiveness hateful: a hateful job, a hateful crime e painful: a painful experience, a painful task pompous languagelstyle/manner ● a pompous man solemn music/oath/duty e a solemn judge English lexicology(Ill)

English lexicology (III) 10 10.1 Types of changes  Transference  subjectiveness objectiveness  hateful: a hateful job, a hateful crime  painful:a painful experience, a painful task  pompous language/style/manner  a pompous man  solemn music/oath/duty  a solemn judge