复旦大学：《内科学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）（徐建民）出血性疾病（英文版）

DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS Dept of Hematology Zhong Shan Hospital, FuDan University Prof jian-mIn XU

DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS Dept.of Hematology ZhongShan Hospital,FuDan University Prof. JlAN-MIN XU

General Considerations Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding purpura, and petechiae

General Considerations • Disorders of hemostasis defects in platelet number or function problems in fibrin clot (coagulation) • Bleeding due to platelet disorders is typically mucosal or dermatologic include epistaxis, gum bleeding, menorrhagia, gastrointestinal bleeding, purpura, and petechiae

General Considerations Petechiae are seen almost exclusively in conditions of thrombocytopenia and not platelet dysfunction Bleeding due to coagulopathy may occur as deep muscle hematomas as well as skin bleeding Spontaneous hemarthroses are seen only in severe hemophilia

General Considerations • Petechiae are seen almost exclusively in conditions of thrombocytopenia and not platelet dysfunction. • Bleeding due to coagulopathy may occur as deep muscle hematomas as well as skin bleeding. • Spontaneous hemarthroses are seen only in severe hemophilia

General Considerations Definition disorder of hemostasis spontaneous bleeding abnormal bleeding following trauma · Machanism: vessel wall defect thrombocytopenia, platelet disfunction coagulation disorder

General Considerations • Definition: disorder of hemostasis spontaneous bleeding abnormal bleeding following trauma • Machanism ： vessel wall defect thrombocytopenia, platelet disfunction coagulation disorder

Normal hemostasis and coagulation hemostasis 1. Vessel wall (1) vessel spasm: reflex spasm SHT↑s| ow down blood flow (2) subendothelial connective tissue encouraging platelet adhesion, activation aggregation (3)releasing TF, activating FXIl triggering intrinsic and extrinsic pathway (4) pression of haematoma

Normal hemostasis and coagulation • hemostasis: 1. Vessel wall： （1）vessel spasm: reflex spasm S-HT↑ slow down blood flow （2）subendothelial connective tissue： encouraging platelet adhesion, activation, aggregation （3）releasing TF, activating FⅫ： triggering intrinsic and extrinsic pathway （4）pression of haematoma

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 2. platelet: (1) adhesion to subendothelial connective tissue by Gpib、WF (2) aggregation formation of platelet thrombus by GPib/Ⅲa (3) release phosphatide-Arachidonic Acid -TXA2 further platelet activation and adhesion vIOlent vessel spasm

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 2. platelet： （1）adhesion： to subendothelial connective tissue by GPⅠb、vWF （2）aggregation ： formation of platelet thrombus by GPⅡb/Ⅲa （3）release： phosphatide-Arachidonic Acid -TXA2 further platelet activation and adhesion violent vessel spasm

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 3. coagulation: (1) Rearrangement of platelet membrane phosphatidate-PF3 (2) Tissue injury- TF release (3) Subendothelial connective tissue-Ⅻ-Ⅻa triggering intrinsic and extrinsic pathway- White thrombus-red thrombus

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 3. coagulation: （1） Rearrangement of platelet membrane phosphatidate-PF3 （2） Tissue injury- TF release （3） Subendothelial connective tissue-Ⅻ-Ⅻa triggering intrinsic and extrinsic pathway￾white thrombus-red thrombus

Normal hemostasis and coagulation coagulation 1. nature: a cascade of enzymes activation not active before activated 2. component 1.12 coagulation factor 11 in plasma(tissue factor) protein( exclude Ca code with、‖、Ⅲ、Ⅳetc 2 PK 3. HMWK

Normal hemostasis and coagulation • coagulation： 1. nature: a cascade of enzymes activation not active before activated 2. component: 1. 12 coagulation factor: 11 in plasma (tissue factor) protein ( exclude Ca++ ) code with Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ etc. 2. PK 3. HMWK

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 3. course (1) thromboplastin intrinsic:ⅫXa—X-XIaX IXa+Ⅷ山+ca+PF3 extrinsic: lI-Vll+Ca X-Xa+v+CatPF3 (2) thrombin: prothrombinthromboplatin+Cathrombin

Normal hemostasis and coagulation 3. course： （1）thromboplatin intrinsic: Ⅻ-Ⅻa——Ⅺ-Ⅺa-Ⅸ- Ⅸa+Ⅷ+Ca+PF3 extrinsic: III-VII+Ca Ⅹ-Ⅹa+Ⅴ+Ca+PF3 （2）thrombin：prothrombinthromboplatin+Cathrombin

Xa因子的核心作用 内源性系统 外源性系统 XIla 胞的促凝血 XIa 原激酶 VIla X IXa Ca2+ VIlla Ca PL Xa X Xa Va Ca2+ 凝血酶 PL 纤维蛋白原 溶解性纤维蛋白a 纤维蛋白(凝块 Boneuet al Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux. 1998; 10: 291-313

Boneu et al. Sang Thrombose Vaisseaux. 1998;10:291-313. II VIIa 细胞的促凝血酶 原激酶 Ca2+ Xa XIa 内源性系统 外源性系统 X IX XIIIa XI XII XIIa 纤维蛋白原 溶解性纤维蛋白 纤维蛋白（凝块） Xa Va PL Ca2+ VII 凝血酶 IIa IXa VIIIa Ca2+ PL Xa因子的核心作用