上海交通大学：《古希腊文明演绎（Greek Classics）》课程教学资源（PPT讲稿）Pre-Socratics（2/2）

上浒文通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Heraclitus and Parmenides Professor:Wu Shiyu Email:shiyuw@sjtu.edu.cn 漏 Website:http://sla.sjtu.edu.cnlbbs SHANG 1日gG

Heraclitus and Professor: Wu Shiyu Email: shiyuw@sjtu.edu.cn Website：http://sla.sjtu.edu.cn/bbs

上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY A kind of crisis has been developing in the sixth century,in the ancient Greek philosophy: The Relationship between Being and Becoming. Two of the greatest and most radical solutions to the problem of Being and Becoming: Heraclitus and Parmenides

A kind of crisis has been developing in the sixth century, in the ancient Greek philosophy: The Relationship between Being and Becoming. . Two of the greatest and most radical solutions to the problem of Being and Becoming: Heraclitus and

上游充通大 1.Heraclitus:The Obscure SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY In Ephesus,near Miletus (540-470B.C) Some 100 fragments or aphorisms(警句) ©Lonely life he led The riddling nature of his philosophy Contempt for humankind Heraclitus(540-470 B.C.) ?

1. Heraclitus: The Obscure In Ephesus, near Miletus (540 - 470 B.C.) Some 100 fragments or aphorisms（警句） Lonely life he led The riddling nature of his philosophy Contempt for humankind Heraclitus (540-470 B.C.) ??

上游充通大学 2.Heraclitus'Writing SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Heraclitus writes:short,aphoristic saying.(? A short saying:provoke thought “You can't step into the same river twice.” His favorite image:river River stands for becoming (reality itself) Flowing,in constant motion As we step into it,it changes

2. Heraclitus’ Writing Heraclitus writes: short, aphoristic saying.(?) A short saying: provoke thought “You can’t step into the same river twice.” His favorite image: river River stands for becoming (reality itself) Flowing, in constant motion As we step into it, it changes

上游充通大 3.Heraclitus'Logos SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY e“Everything flows" Change being central to the universe. 国 Then:If nothing stable,how possible to give a logos? 圈 Read more of his sayings

3. Heraclitus’ Logos “Everything flows" Change being central to the universe. Then: If nothing stable, how possible to give a logos? Read more of his sayings

上游充通大兽 4.More fragments SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY "The road up and the road down,are one and the same.“ “The same thing is both living and dead.” ©"Changing,it rests.“ 圈“S”is both“p”and not“p”. Heraclitus contradicts himself. ④Sounds irrational

4. More fragments "The road up and the road down, are one and the same.“ “The same thing is both living and dead.” "Changing, it rests.“ “S” is both “p” and not “p”. Heraclitus contradicts himself. Sounds irrational

上游充通大 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY This is his strength,not a weakness. Rational and expressive. Nothing stable,permanent,endures;Everything flows Then:Everything in a process of moving from “P to Not P Take the river as an example. "We step and we do not step into the same rivers." The river is both it and is not itself

This is his strength, not a weakness. Rational and expressive. Nothing stable, permanent, endures; Everything flows Then: Everything in a process of moving from “P to Not P” Take the river as an example. “We step and we do not step into the same rivers.” The river is both it and is not itself

上游充通大学 SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY ©Heraclitus:“The Logos is common.” What sort of logos could this possibly be?

Heraclitus: “The Logos is common.” What sort of logos could this possibly be?

上游充通大学 5.A Relativist SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY If nothing is permanent,then nothing is absolute. Values would also be in flux (Stealing). "The sea is purest and most polluted water." e“Pigs rejoice in mud more than pure water”; ©“Asses would choose rubbish rather gold". The sense of relativism

5. A Relativist If nothing is permanent, then nothing is absolute. Values would also be in flux (Stealing). “The sea is purest and most polluted water.” “Pigs rejoice in mud more than pure water”; “Asses would choose rubbish rather gold”. The sense of relativism

上游充通大 6.Milesian or Anti-Milesian? SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY “The cosmos was always and is and shall be.” “an ever living fire.” “Var is the father of all and the king of all..” "A lifetime is a child playing,the kingdom belogs .. 圈“to A child.” Fire,war,and Play have in common (?

6. Milesian or Anti-Milesian? “The cosmos was always and is and shall be…” “an ever living fire.” “War is the father of all and the king of all.” “A lifetime is a child playing, the kingdom belogs … “to A child.” Fire, war, and Play have in common (?)