山东大学：《医学机能学实验》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）04 Operations on Mammals

Operations on Mammals

Operations on Mammals

outlineApparatusPreparations beforeoperationOperationsinneckPrecautions

Apparatus Preparations before operation Operations in neck Precautions outline

I ApparatusScissorTweezerForcepsScalpelTracheal cannulaArterial cannulaBulldog clampGlass dissecting needleOperationtableBladder funnel for collecting urine

Ⅰ Apparatus ◼ Scissor ◼ Tweezer ◼ Forceps ◼ Scalpel ◼ Tracheal cannula ◼ Arterial cannula ◼ Bulldog clamp ◼ Glass dissecting needle ◼ Operation table ◼ Bladder funnel for collecting urine

II Preparationsbeforeoperation1 Anesthesia: 20% urethane (5ml/kg) isadministered through the marginal vein in theear.The position where we begin to inject anestheticshould be near to distal of marginal ear as possibleas we can.The velocity of injection should be slow and weshould monitor the respiration of the animal

◼ 1 Anesthesia: 20% urethane (5ml/kg) is administered through the marginal vein in the ear. The position where we begin to inject anesthetic should be near to distal of marginal ear as possible as we can. The velocity of injection should be slow and we should monitor the respiration of the animal. Ⅱ Preparations before operation

II Preparations beforeoperation 2 Fixing: After anesthesia, therabbit is fixed.We should lay the rabbit on its back onthe operation table, then fix the limbswith the help of the ropes

Ⅱ Preparations before operation ◼ 2 Fixing: After anesthesia, the rabbit is fixed. We should lay the rabbit on its back on the operation table, then fix the limbs with the help of the ropes

II Preparationsbeforeoperation 3 Shearing: Before the operationthe hair of the operation site shouldbe sheared.This step we should avoid injuringthe animal's skin

◼ 3 Shearing: Before the operation, the hair of the operation site should be sheared. This step we should avoid injuring the animal’s skin. Ⅱ Preparations before operation

TOperationinneck 1 Slice the skin: With the scissorsmake a mid incision 3-4 centimeters inlength through the skin over the regionfrom the lower jaw to the breastbone.The anterior chest is now exposed

Ⅲ Operation in neck ◼ 1 Slice the skin: With the scissors make a mid incision 3-4 centimeters in length through the skin over the region from the lower jaw to the breastbone. The anterior chest is now exposed

IIIOperationsinneck2Separatethesubcutaneoustissue and muscle to expose thetracheaIn this step, we should avoid injuringthe blood and nerve

Ⅲ Operations in neck ◼ 2 Separate the subcutaneous tissue and muscle to expose the trachea In this step, we should avoid injuring the blood and nerve

IIIOperationin neck3EndotrachealintubationSeparate the trachea from othertissues, pass a thread under it, make aI"shape incision on the trachea 2-3cm under the throat, then insert thetracheal cannula toward the lung andtie the cannula and the trachea together

Ⅲ Operation in neck ◼ 3 Endotracheal intubation Separate the trachea from other tissues, pass a thread under it, make a “⊥”shape incision on the trachea 2-3 cm under the throat, then insert the tracheal cannula toward the lung and tie the cannula and the trachea together

IIIOperationin neck4Separatethenervesandtheleftcommon carotid arterySeparate the nervesIdentify carefully the three nerves located incarotid sheath: vagus nerve is the thickest, buffernerve is the thinnest. the sympathetic nerve ismoderate. Isolate them by glass dissecting needleand pass various color threads separately underthem for preparation

Ⅲ Operation in neck ◼ 4 Separate the nerves and the left common carotid artery Separate the nerves Identify carefully the three nerves located in carotid sheath: vagus nerve is the thickest, buffer nerve is the thinnest, the sympathetic nerve is moderate. Isolate them by glass dissecting needle and pass various color threads separately under them for preparation