上海交通大学：《现代医药学导论》课程教学资源（课件讲稿）肿瘤——人类头号杀手 肿瘤的预防和治疗 Cancer Prevention and Treatment

肿瘤的预防和治疗 Cancer Prevention and Treatment 彭崇胜博士 上海交通大学药学院 School of Pharmacy,Jiaotong University

肿瘤的预防和治疗 Cancer Prevention and Treatment 上海交通大学药学院 School of Pharmacy, Jiaotong University 彭崇胜 博士

Cancer Prevention and Treatment Contents 1.Definition Nomenclature 术语 TEST Morphology 形态 FRIDAY! Metastasis 转移 2.Molecular Biology Background Gene Mutations and Diseases T GASBERGEN 3.Epidemiology 4.Risk Factors Folks,we have a 5.Diagnosis lot of materials to 6.Treatment cover today,are 7.Prevention you prepared 8.Psychological Care

1. Definition - Nomenclature 术语 - Morphology 形态 - Metastasis 转移 2. Molecular Biology - Background - Gene Mutations and Diseases 3. Epidemiology 4. Risk Factors 5. Diagnosis 6. Treatment 7. Prevention 8. Psychological Care Cancer Prevention and Treatment Contents Folks, we have a lot of materials to cover today, are you prepared ?

1.Definition A.Nomenclature Normal Cell Division What is CANCER? ●An abnormal mass cell damage- of no repair tissue that results from excessive cell division. apoptosis Tumors p perform no useful body function. Cancer Cell Division Cancer can happen 1 in almost all tissues and organs. Tumors can be Benign良 性的or Malignant:恶性的

• An abnormal mass of tissue that results from excessive cell division. Tumors perform no useful body function. • Cancer can happen in almost all tissues and organs. • Tumors can be Benign 良 性的 or Malignant恶性的 What is CANCER? 1. Definition A. Nomenclature

1.Definition A.Nomenclature 。Benign tumors are not Benign Malignant(Cancer） cancer and are rarely a threat to life. They can often be removed They do not come back They do not spread to other parts of the body Malignant tumors are cancer. invade neighboring tissues - Cells are abnormal and divide without control or order enter bloodstream and metastasize to different sites They metastasize

• Benign tumors are not cancer and are rarely a threat to life. – They can often be removed – They do not come back – They do not spread to other parts of the body • Malignant tumors are cancer. – Cells are abnormal and divide without control or order – They metastasize 1. Definition A. Nomenclature

1.Definition A.Nomenclature Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they begin. Carcinomas are the most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces,such as Lung,breast,and colon. Sarcomas are cancers arising from cells found in the supporting tissues,such as bone,cartilage软骨， fat,connective tissue,and muscle. Leukemic▣白血病and Lymphoma淋巴瘤are cancers that arise in blood-forming cells.The abnormal cells circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. They may also invade (infiltrate)body organs and form tumors

• Most cancers are named for the organ or type of cell in which they begin. • Carcinomas 癌are the most common types of cancer, arise from the cells that cover external and internal body surfaces, such as Lung, breast, and colon. Sarcomas肉瘤 are cancers arising from cells found in the supporting tissues, such as bone, cartilage软骨, fat, connective tissue, and muscle. • Leukemia白血病 and Lymphoma淋巴瘤 are cancers that arise in blood-forming cells. The abnormal cells circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. They may also invade (infiltrate) body organs and form tumors. 1. Definition A. Nomenclature

1.Definition B.Morphology NORMAL CANCER Large number of Cells are abnormal dividing cells and divide without Large,variable shaped control or order nuclei Small cytoplasmic volume relative to nuclei Variation in cell size and shape Loss of normal specialized cell features Disorganized arrangement of cells Poorly defined tumor boundary

Cells are abnormal and divide without control or order 1. Definition B. Morphology

1.Definition C.Metastasis Cancer can invade and Blood damage nearby tissues Vessel and organs. Cancer cells invade surrounding tissues and Cancer cells can break 2 vessels. Cancer cells are away from a malignant transported by the tumor and the circulatory system enter to distant sites. Cancer cells bloodstream or the reinvade and grow at new lymphatic system. location. Cancer spreads from the original cancer site to form new tumors in other organs.The spread of cancer is called metastasis

• Cancer can invade and damage nearby tissues and organs. • Cancer cells can break away from a malignant tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. 1. Definition C. Metastasis Cancer spreads from the original cancer site to form new tumors in other organs. The spread of cancer is called metastasis

1.Definition C.Metastasis When cancer spreads from its original location Brain to another part of the body,the new tumor has Melanoma cells travel through the same kind of abnormal bloodstream. cells and the same name as the primary tumor. Melanoma Liver (Initial tumor） e.g.,Melanoma黑色素瘤 cancer spreads to the brain,the cancer cells in the brain are actually melanoma cancer cells. The disease is called metastatic melanoma cancer (not brain cancer)

When cancer spreads from its original location to another part of the body, the new tumor has the same kind of abnormal cells and the same name as the primary tumor. e.g., Melanoma 黑色素瘤 cancer spreads to the brain, the cancer cells in the brain are actually melanoma cancer cells. The disease is called metastatic melanoma cancer (not brain cancer). 1. Definition C. Metastasis

2.Molecular Biology A.Background DNA Molecules Every human cell contains the Cell same DNA (with the exception of mature red blood cells, Nucleus which have no nucleus). Each human cell (with the exception of reproductive cells, 3 which have half of the DNA)has 46 molecules of double- stranded DNA. Chromosomes

DNA Molecules Every human cell contains the same DNA (with the exception of mature red blood cells, which have no nucleus). Each human cell (with the exception of reproductive cells, which have half of the DNA) has 46 molecules of double￾stranded DNA. 2. Molecular Biology A. Background

2.Molecular Biology A.Background Chemical Bases in DNA DNA exists as two long,p paired strands spiraled into the famous double helix: ·Each strand is made up of millions of chemical building blocks called bases. Gene There are only four different chemical bases in DNA (Adenine, Thymine,Cytosine,and Guanine). DNA Molecule Chemical They can be arranged and Bases rearranged in countless ways. The order in which the bases occur determines the messages to be conveyed

• Each strand is made up of millions of chemical building blocks called bases. • There are only four different chemical bases in DNA ( Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine). • They can be arranged and rearranged in countless ways. • The order in which the bases occur determines the messages to be conveyed. Chemical Bases in DNA DNA exists as two long, paired strands spiraled into the famous double helix: 2. Molecular Biology A. Background