同济大学：《地下工程》课程电子教案（讲稿）05 Underground Construction

CONTENTS 1.Introduction 2.Open Excavation 3.Conventional Tunneling 4.Mechanical Tunneling 5.Immersed Tube Tunnel Method 6.Shafts Construction 7.Conclusion 百年同濟2 TONGILUNIVERSITY

2 1. Introduction 2. Open Excavation 3. Conventional Tunneling 4. Mechanical Tunneling 5. Immersed Tube Tunnel Method 6. Shafts Construction 7. Conclusion CONTENTS

1.Introduction General Trends in the Underground Industry High risk type construction methods Trend towards design build (D&B)contracts Tight construction schedules Low financial budgets Fierce competition in construction industries 百年同濟3

3 General Trends in the Underground Industry  High risk type construction methods  Trend towards design + build (D&B) contracts  Tight construction schedules  Low financial budgets  Fierce competition in construction industries 1. Introduction

1.Introduction Shallow Overburden (Sauer Mergelsberg,2003) 百年问濟 4 TONGILUNIVERSITY

4 Shallow Overburden K Kcr 0 0 0 K Kcr 0 0 0 (Sauer & Mergelsberg, 2003) 1. Introduction

1.Introduction Restricted environment Mixshield Zurich/CH (diameter:12,33 m) 百年同濟5

5 Mixshield Zürich/CH (diameter: 12,33 m) 1. Introduction Restricted environment

Deep depth 42m Water Pressure up to 6 bar

6 Water Pressure up to 6 bar 42m Deep depth

1.Introduction 6'97 Stone crusher (diameter:1,20 m) 百年同海7 TONGII UNIVERSITY

7 Stone crusher (diameter: 1,20 m) 1. Introduction

1.Introduction Sandboden in Fontainebleau Plastische Tonboden Sandy ground in fontainebleau Plastic clay ■mesne in cham28 ■Ma ne 口 Sandboden in Beauchamp Falsche Letten Massenkalkstein Sandboden in Auteuil Sandy ground in beauchamp False poller's clay mass limestone Sandy ground in auteuil ☐Mergel inMeudon marl in meudon Kalkstein und grune Tonboden Supragipsmergel Limestone and green clay Supra gypsum marl Open Mode EPB Slurry EPB Geology Paris 百年同濟 8 TONGILUNIVERSITY

8 Open Mode EPB Slurry EPB Geology Paris 1. Introduction

1.Introduction Foreign Objects inside the Ground F4T内阿

9 9 /40 Foreign Objects inside the Ground 1. Introduction

1.Introduction No construction project is risk free. Risk can be managed,minimised, shared,transferred or accepted. It cannot be ignored.” Sir Michael Latham,1994 百年同濟10 TONGILUNIVERSITY

10 28.04.2014 “No construction project is risk free. Risk can be managed, minimised, shared, transferred or accepted. It cannot be ignored.” Sir Michael Latham, 1994 1. Introduction

1.Introduction Tunnelling is not Risky But we have to get the balance right 百年问濟11 TONGII UNIVERSITY

11 Tunnelling is not Risky But we have to get the balance right! 1. Introduction