厦门大学化学化工学院：《有机化学》课程教学资源（课件讲稿，双语版）第十一章 羧酸衍生物（11.1-11.3）羧酸衍生物的命名

第十拿餐酸衍生物 Carbo lictAcid erivatives

第十一章 羧酸衍生物 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

g Carboxylic acids are just one member of a class of acyl derivatives, RCOY where the acyl group is bonded to an electronegatives substituent .Y that can act as a leaving group in substitution reactions. Numerous acyl derivatives are possible, but we'll be concerned only with four of the more common ones in addition to carboxylic acids themselves acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University „ Carboxylic acids are just one member of a class of acyl derivatives, RCOY, where the acyl group is bonded to an electronegatives substituent -Y that can act as a leaving group in substitution reactions. Numerous acyl derivatives are possible, but we’ll be concerned only with four of the more common ones, in addition to carboxylic acids themselves: acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters, and amides

羧酸衍生物 C R Y C C R OH R R O R ⅹ=F,Cl,Br,I 羧酸 酰卤 酸酐 Carboxylic acid Acyl halide Acid anhydride C C R一C≡N R OR R NH 酯 酰胺 腈 Ester Amide Nitre

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University R C O Y R C O OH R C O X R C O O R C O OR' R C O NH 2 C R O R C N 羧酸衍生物 羧酸 酰卤 酸酐 酯 酰胺 腈 X = F, Cl, Br, I Ca rboxy l i c a c i d A c y l h a l ide A c i d an h y d r ide Es t e r A m i d e Ni tr l e

111羧酸衍生物的命名 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 11.1 羧酸衍生物的命名 Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

己 Acid halides:RCoX Acid halides are named by identifying first the acyl group and then the halide. The acyl group names is derived from the carboxylic acid names by replacing the -ic acid e ending with -yl or the -carboxylic acid ending with -carbonyl

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Acid halides: RCOX „ Acid halides are named by identifying first the acyl group and then the halide. The acyl group names is derived from the carboxylic acid names by replacing the –ic acid ending with –yl or the –carboxylic acid ending with –carbonyl

酰卤的命名:RCOX ■酰卤酰基名+卤素名 ic acid→y+ halide or carboxylic acid - carbonyl halide CHachI Br Cl ①D 乙酰氯苯甲酰溴 环己烷甲酰氯 c Acetyl chloride benzoyl bromide cyclo hexanecarbony/ ⑨D chloride

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 酰卤的命名: RCOX „ 酰卤 酰基名 + 卤素名 „ -ic acid -yl + halide or -carboxylic acid carbonyl + halide CH 3 CCl O C Br O C Cl O 乙酰氯 苯甲酰溴 环己烷甲酰氯 Acetyl chlorid e Be n z oyl b r o mid e C yclo hexanecarb onyl chlorid e

Acid anhydrides: RCO2COR' E: Symmetrical anhydrides of straight chain monocarboxylic acids, and cyclic anhydrides of dicarboXylIC acids, are named by replacing the e word acid with anhydride

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Acid anhydrides: RCO 2COR ’ „ Symmetrical anhydrides of straight￾chain monocarboxylic acids, and cyclic anhydrides of dicarboxylic acids, are named by replacing the word acid with anhydride

酸酐的命名:RCO2COR ■酸酐X酸→×(酸)酐x酸×酸酐 ad→ anhydride O CH3 C-O-C-CH3 HC-0-C-CH ①D 乙酸酐 甲(酸)乙(酸)酐丁二酸酐 ⑨D Acetic anhydride Acetic formic Butanedioic anhydride anhydride

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University 酸酐的命名: RCO 2COR ’ „ 酸酐 酸 ( 酸 ) 酐 x 酸 酸酐 „ acid anhydride CH 3 C O O C C H 3 O HC O O C C H 3 O O O O 乙酸酐 甲 ( 酸 ) 乙 ( 酸 ) 酐 丁二酸酐 Acetic anhydrid e A c e t i c fo rm i c Bu t a n edi o i c anhyd rid e anhyd rid e

Esters: RCO2R a Systematic names for esters are derived by first giving the name of the alkyl group attached to oxygen and then identifying the carboxylic acid. In so doing the -ic acid ending is replaced by -ate

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University Esters: RCO 2 R ’ „ Systematic names for esters are derived by first giving the name of the alkyl group attached to oxygen and then identifying the carboxylic acid. In so doing, the –ic acid ending is replaced by –ate

酯的命名:RCO2R R-C-OH CY R-C-ORI 羧酸的氢被烃基取代 ■酯×酸×(烃基名)酯 - ic acid→akyl-ate C-OCH C-OC(CH3)3 CH3 C-OCH2 CH3 乙酸乙酯 苯甲酸甲酯环己烷羧酸叔丁酯 Ethyl acetate methyl benzoate tert-Buthyl cyclohexanecarboxylate

Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Xiamen Xiamen University University R C O R C OR' O O H 羧酸的氢被烃基取代 酯的命名 RCO 2 R ’ „ 酯 酸 (烃基名 ) 酯 „ -ic acid alkyl -ate CH 3 C O OC H 2CH 3 Et h y l a c e t a t e Me t h y l be n zoa t e t e rt - B u th y l 乙酸乙酯 苯甲酸甲酯 环己烷羧酸叔丁酯 cyclo hexanecarb o x ylate C OC H 3 O C OC ( C H 3 ) 3 O