《语音学》（英文版）Lecture 4 Vowels of American English

Vowels of American English Here the vowels of american English are plotted according to the sound. "Low"refers not only to the position of the tongue bul he o point of primary obstruction by the tongue in the articulation of th Jaw as well high Juw front e o a E awt a k a and L l, a central owel before r low

Vowels of American English • Here the vowels of American English are plotted according to the point of primary obstruction by the tongue in the articulation of the sound. "Low" refers not only to the position of the tongue but the jaw as well

Vowels of British English Here is another quadrilaterial with samples of british vowels as posted by tony robinson. His samples are of one person pronouncing words with a 'hVd frame(hood, hid, had, who'd hayed, etc. high I-a e e r a e aw k t

Vowels of British English • Here is another quadrilaterial with samples of British vowels as posted by Tony Robinson. His samples are of one person pronouncing words with a 'hVd' frame (hood, hid, had, who'd, hayed, etc.)

General American English Vowels b d IPA b d IPA 1 bead i:9 bade OU bid 10 booed 3 bayed er 11 bud 4bed e 12 bird 3 bad ae 13 bide ai 6 bod (y) ak 14 bowed au bawd o: 15 Boyd 8 budd(hist) U

General American English Vowels

BBC Vowels sets IPA b dIPA 1 bead i: 11 booed 2 bid 12 bud 3 bayed er 13 bird 4 bed e 14 bide ai 5 bad ae 15 bowed au 6 bard aH:16 Boyd oI 7 bod(y) 17beer Ie 8 bawd 18 bare 9 budd(hist byre a 10 bode eu 20 boor ve

BBC Vowels Sets

Vowel Charts There are various levels of realism/idealism we can use in drawing vowel charts · The actual physical distribution of tongue body positions is close to being an ellipse For some reason, printers dont like charts that look like ellipses

Vowel Charts (I) • There are various levels of realism/idealism we can use in drawing vowel charts. • The actual physical distribution of tongue body positions is close to being an ellipse • For some reason, printers don't like charts that look like ellipses

Vowel Charts(D) VOWELS Front Central Back The ipaⅴowel —± uup u chart makes the I Y ellipse look Close-mid eg—946—x40 closer to being a rectangle but Opcn-mid E0e-3a—A中3 still preserves much of the abce where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right relative spacing represents a rounded vowel of the vowels

Vowel Charts (II) • The IPA vowel chart makes the ellipse look closer to being a rectangle, but still preserves much of the relative spacing of the vowels

Vowel Charts(ID) A very idealized front central back (and ruthlessly high rectangular) vowel chart is usually used in the north mid e 0 American ￡3 tradition 10w a

Vowel Charts ( III) • A very idealized (and ruthlessly rectangular) vowel chart is usually used in the North American tradition

Phonetic Alphabets In this course, we will be learning to use the phonetic alphabet developed by the international phonetic association. In this section we look at some of the reasons why a special phonetic alphabet is necessary and then some of the background of the International Phonetic alphabet(IPa) 1. Writing things the way they sound 1. How not to do it 2. Problems with using English spelling conventions 3. Ways to overcome the problem 2. The IPa The International phonetic association 2.The International Phonetic Alphabet

Phonetic Alphabets • In this course, we will be learning to use the phonetic alphabet developed by the International Phonetic Association. In this section, we look at some of the reasons why a special phonetic alphabet is necessary and then some of the background of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). 1.Writing things the way they sound 1.How not to do it 2.Problems with using English spelling conventions 3.Ways to overcome the problem 2.The IPA 1.The International Phonetic Association 2.The International Phonetic Alphabet

Writing things the way they sound The standard system used to write a language is called its orthography(from Greek stems: ortho- correct graphy'writing). Even for languages whose writing systems are based on alphabets, the standard"correct" spellings often have little to do with how the words are pronounced. Phonetic alphabets are designed (and necessary) for writing down utterances in a way that records how they sounded. Ideally, someone who never heard the original utterance should be able to recreate it simply by reading the written transcription out loud

Writing things the way they sound • The standard system used to write a language is called its orthography (from Greek stems: ortho- 'correct', graphy 'writing'). Even for languages whose writing systems are based on alphabets, the standard "correct" spellings often have little to do with how the words are pronounced. Phonetic alphabets are designed (and necessary) for writing down utterances in a way that records how they sounded. Ideally, someone who never heard the original utterance should be able to recreate it simply by reading the written transcription out loud

How Not to do it Fiction writers will often try to give the impression that a speaker is using a different accent by deliberately misspelling some randomly chosen words Pets thim animals may be, an' domestic they be, but pigs I'm blame sure they do be, an me rules says plain as the nose on yer face Pigs franklin to Westcote thirty cints each. An misther Morehouse by me arithmetical knowledge two time thurty comes to sixty cints Ellis Parker Butler, "Pigs is pigs"Pears lak she should pay some tention to her fifth husban or leastwise her foth, but she don. I don' understan wimmin. Seem lak ev'body settin fire to somethin ev'time I turn my back. Wonder any buildin's standin in the whole gahdam United States James Thurber Bateman comes home

How Not to Do it • Fiction writers will often try to give the impression that a speaker is using a different accent by deliberately misspelling some randomly chosen words. – Pets thim animals may be, an' domestic they be, but pigs I'm blame sure they do be, an' me rules says plain as the nose on yer face, 'Pigs Franklin to Westcote, thirty cints each.' An' Misther Morehouse, by me arithmetical knowledge two time thurty comes to sixty cints. – Ellis Parker Butler, "Pigs is pigs" 'Pears lak she should pay some 'tention to her fifth husban', or leastwise her fo'th, but she don'. I don' understan' wimmin. Seem lak ev'body settin' fire to somethin' ev'time I turn my back. Wonder any buildin's standin' in the whole gahdam United States. James Thurber, "Bateman comes home