上海交通大学：《历史视野下的美国文化 American Culture Under the Historical Perspective》通识课程教学资源（学生作业）Chapter 010. The Monkey Trial

Chapter 10.The First World War 10.1 Roosevelt Corollary (1904) ·10.2 Vorld War I(1914-1919) 10.3 Treaty of Versailles (1919) 10.4 Prohibition (1919) 10.5 The 19th Amendment (1920) 10.6 The Roaring 20s (1920s) 10.7 The Monkey Trial (1925)

Chapter 10. The First World War Chapter 10. The First World War • 10.1 Roosevelt Corollary (1904) • 10.2 World War I (1914–1919) • 10.3 Treaty of Versailles (1919) • 10.4 Prohibition (1919) • 10.5 The 19th Amendment (1920) • 10.6 The Roaring 20s (1920s) • 10.7 The Monkey Trial (1925)

26 27 28 29 30. 31. Calvin Coolidge 1923-1929 Herbert Hoover 19291933

Chronological Landmarks Landmarks in America • 1901–1909:Theodore Roosevelt as the 26th President • 1903:The First Plane by Orville and Wilbur Wright • 1909–1913William Howard Taft as the 27th President • 1913–1921:Woodrow Wilson as the 28th President • 1917:United States Enters World War I • 1920s:The Jazz Age • 1920:The 19th Amendment Ratified • 1921–1923: Warren G. Harding as the 29th President • 1923–1929:Calvin Coolidge as the 30th President • 1925:The Monkey Trial • 1927:The First Talking Movie, The Jazz Singer • 1929–1933:Herbert Hoover as the 31st President • 1933:The 21st Amendment

Is in China .u Xun 'of China(CPC) n the KMT and CPC

• In Europe • 1899:The Interpretation of Dreams Written by Sigmund Freud • 1914–1919: World War I （The Treaty of Versailles） • 1917: Bolshevik Revolution Led by Vladimir Lenin in November • 1920:Relativity: A General Theory by Albert Einstein • 1930:The Discovery of Penicillin • In China • 1908–1911:Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty • 1911:The Xin Hai Revolution (The Collapse of Qing Dynasty) • 1912:Republic of China with Sun Yat–sen as President • 1914–1916:The Dictatorship of Yuan Shikai • 1916–1928:The Warfare between Warlords in China • 1918:The Diary of a Madman Written by Lu Xun • 1919:The May Fourth Movement • 1921:Founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC) • 1924–1927:The First Cooperation between the KMT and CPC • 1927:Nanchang Rebellion

10.1 Roosevelt Corollary (1904) “Big Stick” Theodore Roosevelt brought to the Executive Mansi White House by commitment to presidential pos the regulatory pri administrative gc 。Describing his fo Roosevelt once r to“speak softly

10.1 Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary (1904) “Big Stick Big Stick” • Theodore Roosevelt brought to the Executive Mansion (officially renamed the White House by him) a passion for order, a commitment to the public, and a sense of presidential possibilities, firmly establishing the regulatory principle as the foundation of administrative government. • Describing his foreign policy, Theodore Roosevelt once remarked that it was his motto to “speak softly and carry a big stick

Roosevelt Corollary,1904

Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary, 1904 • In 1904, worried that the defaults(拖欠 ) of Latin American nations on huge debts owed to European banks were provoking European intervention in the western hemisphere, the President issued the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. • He warned Latin Americans to stabilize their politics and finances. “Chronic wrongdoing might require intervention by some civilized nation,” the corollary lectured, and “in flagrant (不能容忍的, 公然的 ) cases of such wrongdoing or impotence,” the United States would have to assume the role of “an international an international police power police power

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Intervention Intervention • Roosevelt and his successors were not bluffing. • From 1900 to 1917, American troops intervened in Cuba, Panama, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Haiti to quell civil wars, thwart (挫败) challenges to American influence, gain ports and bases, take over customs houses to control tariff revenues and government budgets, and forestall (先发制人来预防 ) European meddling (干预)

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Open Door Open Door policy • 1900, Germany, France, Russia Germany, France, Russia, and Japan had secured generous “spheres of influence ” in China together with exclusive economic “concessions (割让)” to develop these areas through long–term leases and special trading privileges. • Gradually the United States had to make concessions to Japan to protect the vulnerable (脆弱的 ) Philippines and to sustain the Open Door policy ––– the principle of equal trade rights and market opportunity, which the United States had constantly pursued in China

10.2 World War I(1914-1919) Triple Alliance On June 28,1914,a member of the Black Hand,a Slavic terrorist group in Serbia 1（塞尔维 亚)，assassinated the heir to the Austro- Hungarian(奥匈帝国)throne at Sarajevo,a city in Bosnia(波斯尼亚).Austria-Hungary consulted its Triple Alliance partner Germany,which urged toughness.In late July 1914,Austria- Hungary declared war against Serbia,on the grounds that the Serbian government tolerated anti-Austrian terrorists

10.2 World War I World War I (1914–1919) Triple Alliance Triple Alliance • On June 28, 1914, a member of the Black Hand, a Slavic terrorist group in Serbia (塞尔维 亚), assassinated the heir to the Austro– Hungarian(奥匈帝国) throne at Sarajevo, a city in Bosnia(波斯尼亚). Austria–Hungary consulted its Triple Alliance partner Germany, which urged toughness. In late July 1914 July 1914, Austria– Hungary declared war against Serbia, on the grounds that the Serbian government tolerated anti–Austrian terrorists

Norway Sweden Denmark United Kingdom Netherlands Germany Russia Belgium emburg Austria-Hungary France Switzerland Romania joined 1915 Serbia Italy joined 1915 Montenegro Bulgaria joined 1915 Spain Ibanfa Portugal reee Triple Entente Central Powers Neutral Algeria Tunisia

Central v.Allied Powers When Serbia called on its Slavic friend Russia for help,Russia in turn looked to its ally France. Eventually Turkey joined Germany and Austria-Hungary,the Central Powers; Japan and Italy teamed up with Britain, France,and Russia.into the Allied Powers

Central Central v. Allied Powers • When Serbia called on its Slavic friend Russia for help, Russia in turn looked to its ally France. • Eventually Turkey joined Germany and Austria–Hungary, the Central Powers Central Powers; • Japan and Italy teamed up with Britain, France, and Russia, into the Allied Powers