上海交通大学：《历史视野下的美国文化 American Culture Under the Historical Perspective》通识课程教学资源（学生作业）Chapter 8. The Civil War

Chapter 8.The Civil War o 8.1 The Secession (1861) 8.2 Causes of the Civil War 8.3 Emancipation Proclamation (1862) 8.4 Gettysburg Address (1863) 8.5 The Beginning of the Reconstruction (1863) 8.6 The End of the Civil War(1865) 8.7 The 14th Amendment (1868)

Chapter 8. The Civil War Chapter 8. The Civil War • 8.1 The Secession (1861) • 8.2 Causes of the Civil War 8.2 Causes of the Civil War • 8.3 Emancipation Proclamation (1862) • 8.4 Gettysburg Address (1863) 8.4 Gettysburg Address (1863) • 8.5 The Beginning of the Reconstruction (1863) • 8.6 The End of the Civil War (1865) 8.6 The End of the Civil War (1865) • 8.7 The 14th Amendment (1868)

Chronological Landmarks 15. 16 James Buchanan 1857-186 Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 1865:The Assassination of Lin 1865-1869:Andrew Johnson 1865-1877:The Reconstructio 1865:The 13th Amendment 1868:The 14th Amendment 17. In Europe:1859:The Origins Andrew Johnson9 In China:1861-1908:The De Facto头工tre of the Cing Dynasty by Empress Dowager Cixi(1835-1908)

Chronological Landmarks • 1857–1861:James Buchanan (1791–1868) 15th President • 1860: South Carolina Secedes • 1861–1865:Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) 16th President • 1861 –1865:The Civil War 1865:The Civil War • 1862:The Emancipation Proclamation • 1863:The Gettysburg Address • 1865:The Assassination of Lincoln • 1865–1869:Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) 17th President • 1865–1877:The Reconstruction • 1865:The 13th Amendment • 1868:The 14th Amendment • In Europe: 1859:The Origins of Species by Charles R. Darwin • In China:1861–1908:The De Facto (事实上) Rule of the Qing Dynasty by Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908)

8.1 The Secession (1861) 1860 Presidential Election Lincoln carried every one of the free statements of the North,which represented a solid majority of 59 percent of the electoral votes.However,he won less than 40 percent of the popular vote and virtually no support from the South and would therefore be a minority president. Douglas,the only candidate with support in all areas of the country,finished the second in the popular vote but won only 12 electoral votes

8.1 The Secession (1861) 1860 Presidential Election • Lincoln Lincoln carried every one of the free statements of the North, which represented a solid majority of 59 percent of the electoral votes. However, he won less than 40 percent of the popular vote and virtually no support from the South and would therefore be a minority president. • Douglas Douglas, the only candidate with support in all areas of the country, finished the second in the popular vote but won only 12 electoral votes

1860 Presidential Election 1860 13% WASHINGTON NH 39 VT 5ME 24% Unorg 5、 72 OREGON Terr MINN MASS 4% 3 59% NEBRASKA 4 13 12 TERR WIS IGAN NY 180 5 TERR 5 6 CRI4 IOWA CONN 6 ELECTORAL VOTE TOTAL:303 UTAH 4 盼 -NJ R-4 ND-3 IND OHIO 13% 18% TERR L 13 23 DEL 3 590631 847953 CALIF 11 治 MD8 4 KANSAS TERR MO KY 40% 29% NC 1866,4521375.157 NEW MEXICO Unorg TENN 0 12 TERRITORY Terr ARK SC POPULAR VOTE TOTAL:4,680,193 MISS GA A 0 9 TEXAS 4 6 Republican (Lincoln) FLA3 Southern Democratic (Breckinridge) Constitutional Union (Bell) Territories Northern Democratic (Douglas)

1860 Presidential Election

Crittenden Compromise of 1860 Southe nad been willing awn up by Sen 1787- 1863)q 18,1860. The Cr oposed extendi mise line of36° e United States quired

Crittenden Compromise Crittenden Compromise of 1860 • Southern leaders in the Senate had been willing to accept a compromise drawn up by Senator John J. Crittenden (1787– 1863) of Kentucky on December 18, 1860. The Crittenden Compromise proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line of 36 °30’ in all the territory of the United States then held or thereafter acquired

Lincoln Lincoln’s Position s Position • The Republicans, after sounding out (试 探)President–elect Lincoln in Illinois, voted against the proposal. Lincoln took the position that the restoration of the Missouri Compromise line would encourage the South to embark on imperialist adventures in Latin America. • Lincoln and other prominent Republicans believed that Southerners were bluffing (虚张声势) when they threatened secession

Secession in 1861 ·“To rally the men of the North,who would preserve the government as our fathers found it. we should offer no doubtful or divided front. wrote Senator Jefferson Davis (1808-1889). On December 20,1860.South Carolina passed an ordinance of secession from the Union declaring the state once again independent.The rest of the Deep South quickly followed suit.On February 7,1861,the states stretching from South Carolina to Texas organized the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis President

Secession in 1861 • “To rally the men of the North, who would preserve the government as our fathers found it, we should offer no doubtful or divided front,” wrote Senator Jefferson Davis (1808–1889). • On December 20, 1860, South Carolina passed an ordinance of secession from the Union declaring the state once again independent. The rest of the Deep South quickly followed suit. On February 7, 1861, the states stretching from South Carolina to Texas organized the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis President

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BRITISH NORTH AMERICA Washington Territory Me. Oregon Dakota Territory Minn. NH Wis. Mass. Mich. Conn. United-States Penn. RL Nevada Nebraska Terr. lowa of America Wash.D.C. NJ Terr. Utah L. Ind. Ohio Del. Territory Colorado Md. California Territory 1863 Kansas Mo. a. K Richmond Tenn. N.C Indian New Mexico Territory Territory Confederate-States Pacific Ark. of America SC Ocean Ala. Ga. Union and Confederate Texas Miss. montgomery Atlantic Ocean boundary _3. Free state Florida Territory- MEXICO Gulf of Mexico Slave state

8.2 Causes of the Civil War Slavery:"You think slavery is right and ought to be expanded;while we think it is wrong and ought to be restricted.That I suppose is the rub."(Lincoln to a friend) Political system:The ceaseless Constitutional disputes between Republicans and Southerners over the nature of the Federal Union and states'rights inflicted wounds in their heart. Economic differences:between the industrializing North and the agricultural South

8.2 Causes of the Civil War • Slavery: “You think slavery is right and ought to be expanded; while we think it is wrong and ought to be restricted. That I suppose is the rub.” (Lincoln to a friend) • Political system: The ceaseless Constitutional disputes between Republicans and Southerners over the nature of the Federal Union and states’ rights inflicted wounds in their heart. • Economic differences: between the industrializing North and the agricultural South