上海交通大学：《历史视野下的美国文化 American Culture Under the Historical Perspective》通识课程教学资源（学生作业）Chapter 11. The Great Depression

Chapter 11.The Great Depression 11.1 The Great Depression(1929) ·11.2 Hoover's Remedies（1932) 11.3 FDR's New Deal (1933) ·11.4 Roosevelt's Alphabet Soup（1933 11.5 The Second New Deal (1935) 11.6 Opposition to the New Deal 11.7 End of the New Deal (1938)

Chapter Chapter 11. The Great Depression 11. The Great Depression • 11.1 The Great Depression (1929) • 11.2 Hoover’s Remedies (1932) • 11.3 FDR’s New Deal (1933) • 11.4 Roosevelt’s Alphabet Soup (1933) • 11.5 The Second New Deal (1935) • 11.6 Opposition to the New Deal • 11.7 End of the New Deal (1938)

31. 32 Herbert Hoover 19291933 Franklin D.Roosevelt 1933-1945 1933:The Civilian Conservation Corps(CCC) ● 1933:the Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) 1933:The Securities Act ● 1933:The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) ● 1933:The National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA) ● 1935:The Second New Deal 1935:The Works Progress Administration (WPA) ● 1935:The Social Security Act 1935:The Wagner Act ● 1937:The Court Packing Bill ● 1938:End of the New Deal

• In America In America Chronological Landmarks • 1929: The New York Stock Market Crash • 1929 –1933: Herbert Hoover 1933: Herbert Hoover as the 31st President as the 31st President • 1932: Bonus Army Marches on Washington. D.C • 1933 –1945: F. D. Roosevelt as the 32nd President 1945: F. D. Roosevelt as the 32nd President • 1933:The First New Deal First New Deal • 1933:The Emergency Banking Act • 1933: The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • 1933: the Agriculture Adjustment Act (AAA) • 1933: The Securities Act • 1933: The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • 1933: The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA ) • 1935: The Second New Deal Second New Deal • 1935: The Works Progress Administration (WPA) • 1935: The Social Security Act • 1935: The Wagner Act • 1937: The Court Packing Bill • 1938: End of the New Deal End of the New Deal

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• In Europe In Europe • 1933–1945: The Nazi Dictatorship of Adolf Hitler • 1937–1940: Neville Chamberlain as the British Prime Minster • 1938: The Munich Agreement • In China In China • 1928–1949: The Kuomintang Government of China under Jiang Jieshi (1887–1975) • 1931: The Mukden Incident on September 18 • 1932–1945: Pu Yi, Emperor Xuantong (1906–1967), as the Puppet Monarch of Manchukuo • 1934–1936: The Long March Long March • 1936: The Xi’an Incident • 1937: Marco Polo Bridge (Lugou Bridge) Incident • 1937–1945: The 8–Year Anti-Japanese War • 1937: The Nanjing Massacre Nanjing Massacre • 1938: Canadian Doctor Norman Bethune (1890–1939) Stays in China

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11.1 The Great Depression (1929) 11.1 The Great Depression (1929) • On Black Thursday, October 24, 1929, the Wall Street stock market came crashing down with outrageous abruptness. • The next day, hoping to stave off disaster, a group of bankers bought millions of dollars of stocks in an effort to stabilize prices. • On Black Tuesday, October 29, the bottom fell out as millions of panicky investors ordered their brokers to sell when there were practically no buyers to be found

Combination of Factors 1)the productive capacity of the nation was greater than its capacity to consume 2)easy credit policies had led to an inordinate (过度的)expansion of credit 3)agricultural depression,industrial unemployment,and concentration of wealth and power in many great corporations 4)the American government insisted that all of its wartime loans to European nations be repaid in full,but its tariff policies greatly reduced the sale of European goods in America

Combination of Factors • 1) the productive capacity of the nation was greater than its capacity to consume • 2) easy credit policies had led to an inordinate (过度的) expansion of credit • 3) agricultural depression, industrial unemployment, and concentration of wealth and power in many great corporations • 4) the American government insisted that all of its wartime loans to European nations be repaid in full, but its tariff policies greatly reduced the sale of European goods in America

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11.2 Hoover’s Remedies (1932) • Hawley–Smoot Tariff : the tariff raised duties by about one –third. The tariff further weakened the economy by making it even more difficult for foreign nations to sell their products and thus to earn dollars to buy American products. • In 1931, The Federal Farm Board (1929) was enlarged to offer assistance to indebted farmers and struggling businesses meet the economic crisis. However, this program was too modest to handle the continued overproduction of farm goods

Hoovervilles sprouted up throughout the country Hooverviles in 1932

• Hoovervilles sprouted up throughout the country

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Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF), 1932 • In the desperate summer of 1932, 1,000 unemployed First World War veterans marched to Washington D.C., to demand immediate payment of the bonuses payment of the bonuses promised them in 1945. • In July, General Douglas MacArthur (1880– 1964) confronted the veterans and their families with cavalry, tanks, and bayonet–bearing soldiers. Men and women were chased down by horsemen; children were tear–gassed; shacks were set afire

11.3 FDF Frank in ·Franklin Roosev 1921. ·ln1928,campai wheelchair,FDF New York. ·ln1930,he was ·On March4,191 the oath of office the United State

11.3 FDR’s New Deal (1933) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882–1945) • Franklin Roosevelt was paralyzed by polio in 1921. • In 1928, campaigning from a car and a wheelchair, FDR. was elected Governor of New York. • In 1930, he was reelected reelected. • On March 4, 1933, Franklin Roosevelt took the oath of office as the 32nd President 32nd President of the United States