斯坦福卫生经济学教材（Health Economics）杰伊·巴塔查里亚《健康经济学》课程教学资源（试卷习题，英文版）课后判断题及答案 Ch 3 Demand for Health：The Grossman Model

Demand for Health:The Grossman Model Comprehension Questions Indicate whether the statement is true or false,and justify your answer.Be sure fore ans wering these questions. 1io te long-lasting benefits,but the FALSE.One of the central features of the model is that health is (in part) an investment good.If someone invests in his health today,it will be higher both today and in the future. 2.In the framework of the Grossman model,one's level of health is completely controlled by her actions.Thus,in any given period,an individual is uncon- strained in her choice of health statu FALSE.Individuals do have a lot of control over their health level,but there may be high levels of health that they cannot achieve given time and income constraints.If someone invests all her time and money in improving health, she may still not be as healthy as she would like. 3.In the Grossman model,the marginal efficiency of investment in health care declines as health improves. 1

3 Demand for Health: The Grossman Model Comprehension Questions Indicate whether the statement is true or false, and justify your answer. Be sure to cite evidence from the chapter and state any additional assumptions you may need. Review the basic assumptions of the Grossman model before answering these questions. 1. In real life, investments in health can generate long-lasting benefits, but the Grossman Model neglects this aspect of health. FALSE. One of the central features of the model is that health is (in part) an investment good. If someone invests in his health today, it will be higher both today and in the future. 2. In the framework of the Grossman model, one’s level of health is completely controlled by her actions. Thus, in any given period, an individual is uncon￾strained in her choice of health status. FALSE. Individuals do have a lot of control over their health level, but there may be high levels of health that they cannot achieve given time and income constraints. If someone invests all her time and money in improving health, she may still not be as healthy as she would like. 3. In the Grossman model, the marginal efficiency of investment in health care declines as health improves. 1

2 Health Economics Answer Key TRUE.Someone who is very unhealthy receives major dividends from ever a small nt in health,but someone who is already very healthy 4.Aging shifts the marginal efficiency of investment in health curve inward. FALSE.As aging occurs,the depreciation rate of health increases.This re sults in a movement along the marginal efficiency of investment curve up- ward,which implies worse optimal health. 5.An hour spent exercising always pays for itself by decreasing the time spent sick by more than an hour. FALSE.This is only true in the "free lunch zone."Once a certain level of health is attained an hour spent exercising generates less than an hour of additional productive time 6.Assume the PPF is as pictured in Fi re3.3.Pe ple might choose point E as their optimum even if they value the home good FALSE.The only way someone might choose point E is if his indifference curves are vertical.But a vertical indifference curve means he does not value the home good,Z at all. 7.In the Grossman model,optimal health status declines with age. TRUE.See Figure 3.13 for an explanation. 8.The fact that older people spend more on health care is evidence against the Grossman model,which predicts that spending will decline as 8 increases. FALSE.The Grossman model predicts that health optimally declines with age:it doesno redict that expendit re with age.The effect you age,you need to spend more money and time on health to maintain a fixed level because of the increasing depreciation rate of health capital. 9.People who drop out of high school are able to produce more health than college graduates because they have more free time to invest in health pro- duction. FALSE.In the Grossman model,more education shifts out the marginal effi- ciency of investment curve.This means that better educated people have a Bhattacharya,Hyde &Tu2013 2

2 | Health Economics Answer Key TRUE. Someone who is very unhealthy receives major dividends from even a small improvement in health, but someone who is already very healthy receives little benefit. 4. Aging shifts the marginal efficiency of investment in health curve inward. FALSE. As aging occurs, the depreciation rate of health increases. This re￾sults in a movement along the marginal efficiency of investment curve up￾ward, which implies worse optimal health. 5. An hour spent exercising always pays for itself by decreasing the time spent sick by more than an hour. FALSE. This is only true in the “free lunch zone.” Once a certain level of health is attained, an hour spent exercising generates less than an hour of additional productive time. 6. Assume the PPF is as pictured in Figure 3.3. People might choose point E as their optimum even if they value the home good Z. FALSE. The only way someone might choose point E is if his indifference curves are vertical. But a vertical indifference curve means he does not value the home good, Z at all. 7. In the Grossman model, optimal health status declines with age. TRUE. See Figure 3.13 for an explanation. 8. The fact that older people spend more on health care is evidence against the Grossman model, which predicts that spending will decline as ￾ increases. FALSE. The Grossman model predicts that health optimally declines with age; it does not predict that health expenditures decline with age. The effect of aging on health expenditures is ambiguous in the Grossman model. As you age, you need to spend more money and time on health to maintain a fixed level because of the increasing depreciation rate of health capital. 9. People who drop out of high school are able to produce more health than college graduates because they have more free time to invest in health pro￾duction. FALSE. In the Grossman model, more education shifts out the marginal effi- ciency of investment curve. This means that better educated people have a ￾c Bhattacharya, Hyde & Tu 2013 2

Chapter 3 Demand for Health:The Grossman Model3 PPF that is shifted upwards relative to people with fewer years of education. Thus,better educated people spend less time sick and have more productive time overall.See Figure 3.14. 10.According to the Grossman model,people choose an optimal time to die(bar- ring any unforeseen accidents). TRUE.In the Grossman model,death occurs when it no longer makes sense to invest in health because the depreciation rate of health capital is so high 3 Bhattacharya,Hyde &Tu013

Chapter 3| Demand for Health: The Grossman Model | 3 PPF that is shifted upwards relative to people with fewer years of education. Thus, better educated people spend less time sick and have more productive time overall. See Figure 3.14. 10. According to the Grossman model, people choose an optimal time to die (bar￾ring any unforeseen accidents). TRUE. In the Grossman model, death occurs when it no longer makes sense to invest in health because the depreciation rate of health capital is so high. 3 ￾c Bhattacharya, Hyde & Tu 2013