复旦大学：《实用交际英语口语 Practical oral English communication》课程教学资源（阅读资料）Marriage too costly for some rural bachelors in China

Marriage too costly for some rural bachelors in china Ma chi Marriage in China is certainly an expensive business to the point where males living in rural areas are finding it financially difficult to commit Migration from rural areas to cities and an imbalance between the sexes has left the cost of marriage unaffordable for some country families After the noise of firecrackers faded, Zhang Hu and his wife returned home with heavy hearts. Their son's marriage cost the impoverished family their entire savings and a debt of as much as 150,000 yuan(E16, 360). It is a huge sum for a family from a poor mountainous village in northwest Chinas Gansu province Fodianwan village is a notoriously poverty-stricken village in Qingyang."Our village is so poor that there are barely any girls willing to marry young men from here, said Mr Hu. He said villagers had been used to the soaring price of betrothal gifts, or "caili"in Chinese, the financial gift a man takes to propose to the woman he loves The less developed an area is, the more costly the marriage is for the groom, especially in a place such as the Loess Plateau in northwest China where the natural environment is harsh. Love is no longerabout tender feelings, but a matter of price, said Liu Yanwu, a professor of sociology at Wuhan University. Liu has surveyed the changes in cost of marriage in rural areas over past decades from the Seventies to the Eighties, marriage was hardly a burden to a rural family, and in the Nineties, a marriage cost the income ofa rural labour ofthree or four years on average. But since 2000, the cost has witnessed a sharpincrease today, it needs a rural labourer to work for 2o years to pay for the marriage if expenses such as house purchase are included -for a typical rural marriage the grooms family is expected to provide a house, and even a car in some better-off areas, for the newlyweds 10,000 yuan(E1,091)in 2004 to 150,000 yuan(E16,000) by last year. The und In rural areas of Qingyang, the price of betrothal gifts has jumped from arc marriage of Zhang s son almost dragged the family back to poverty

Marriage too costly for some rural bachelors in China Ma Chi Marriage in China is certainly an expensive business, to the point where males living in rural areas are finding it financially difficult to commit. Migration from rural areas to cities and an imbalance between the sexes has left the cost of marriage unaffordable for some country families. After the noise of firecrackers faded, Zhang Hu and his wife returned home with heavy hearts. Their son's marriage cost the impoverished family their entire savings and a debt of as much as 150,000 yuan (£16,360). It is a huge sum for a family from a poor mountainous village in northwest China’s Gansu province. Fodianwan village is a notoriously poverty-stricken village in Qingyang. “Our village is so poor that there are barely any girls willing to marry young men from here,” said Mr Hu. He said villagers had been used to the soaring price of betrothal gifts, or “caili” in Chinese, the financial gift a man takes to propose to the woman he loves. The less developed an area is, the more costly the marriage is for the groom, especially in a place such as the Loess Plateau in northwest China where the natural environment is harsh. “Love is no longer about tender feelings, but a matter of price,” said Liu Yanwu, a professor of sociology at Wuhan University. Liu has surveyed the changes in cost of marriage in rural areas over past decades: from the Seventies to the Eighties, marriage was hardly a burden to a rural family, and in the Nineties, a marriage cost the income of a rural labour of three or four years on average. But since 2000, the cost has witnessed a sharp increase: today, it needs a rural labourer to work for 20 years to pay for the marriage if expenses such as house purchase are included – for a typical rural marriage the groom's family is expected to provide a house, and even a car in some better-off areas, for the newlyweds. In rural areas of Qingyang, the price of betrothal gifts has jumped from around 10,000 yuan (£1,091) in 2004 to 150,000 yuan (£16,000) by last year. The marriage of Zhang’s son almost dragged the family back to poverty

The Qingyang government introduced a regulation against exorbitant betrothal gifts and extravagant wedding ceremonies last year One reason for the soaring bride price is the imbalanced sex ratio in China. For every 100 newborn girls, there were 115 boys born across the country last year, and in rural areas, where only boys are regarded as the heirs to carry on the family line, the ratio between men and women of marriageable age is even higher in some places it is close to 2: 1. The imbalance makes the competition for a wife fierce among rural bachelors The migration of rural populations to cities is also blamed for the rising cost of rural weddings As Chinas urbanisation has gathered pace since the opening-upand reform policy was introduced in the late Seventies, more and more rural people have migrated to cities seeking better pay and an improved life. As a result, the number of women of marriageable age in rural areas is in decline and thereare not enough partners for rural young men, said Zhang Yi, a researcher at the Chinese academy of Social Sciences The situation is worse in impoverished areas such as Qingyang. Since women are reluctant to marry into families from poor villages, the grooms families have to pay a higher price for betrothal gifts, which means men from the poorest families are least likely to marry, said Zhang To keep a rein on soaring costs, the Qingyang government introduced a regulation against exorbitant betrothal gifts and extravagant wedding ceremonies last year, but the move proved a failure. The effect of the rule cannot reach our village because thetradition is too deep rooted, said Mr Hu To help bachelors find partners, local governments should developtheir economies and improve the income ofresidents In the marriage market, men from poor families are in disadvantageous positions and have a weaker ability to bargain with womens families, said He Xuefeng, rural government researcher at Huazhong University of Science and Technology To woo a potential spouse, men from poor families have to pay a higher price fo betrothal gifts, which raises the cost of the marriage market, and other families have no choice but to follow suit. Thus a vicious circle is formed, said Xuefeng The rising cost of marriage in rural areas has also led to other social problems Li Yanlin is a villager in Leping, east China's Jiangxi province. He bought a Vietnamese bride for his son for 45,000 yuan(E5, 000) last year. However his

The Qingyang government introduced a regulation against exorbitant betrothal gifts and extravagant wedding ceremonies last year. One reason for the soaring bride price is the imbalanced sex ratio in China. For every 100 newborn girls, there were 115 boys born across the country last year, and in rural areas, where only boys are regarded as the heirs to carry on the family line, the ratio between men and women of marriageable age is even higher – in some places it is close to 2:1. The imbalance makes the competition for a wife fierce among rural bachelors. The migration of rural populations to cities is also blamed for the rising cost of rural weddings. As China’s urbanisation has gathered pace since the opening-up and reform policy was introduced in the late Seventies, more and more rural people have migrated to cities seeking better pay and an improved life. As a result, the number of women of marriageable age in rural areas is in decline and there are not enough partners for rural young men, said Zhang Yi, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. The situation is worse in impoverished areas such as Qingyang. Since women are reluctant to marry into families from poor villages, the groom’s families have to pay a higher price for betrothal gifts, which means men from the poorest families are least likely to marry, said Zhang To keep a rein on soaring costs, the Qingyang government introduced a regulation against exorbitant betrothal gifts and extravagant wedding ceremonies last year, but the move proved a failure. “The effect of the rule cannot reach our village because the tradition is too deep￾rooted,” said Mr Hu. To help bachelors find partners, local governments should develop their economies and improve the income of residents “In the marriage market, men from poor families are in disadvantageous positions and have a weaker ability to bargain with women's families,” said He Xuefeng, rural government researcher at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. “To woo a potential spouse, men from poor families have to pay a higher price for betrothal gifts, which raises the cost of the marriage market, and other families have no choice but to follow suit. Thus a vicious circle is formed,” said Xuefeng. The rising cost of marriage in rural areas has also led to other social problems. Li Yanlin is a villager in Leping, east China's Jiangxi province. He bought a Vietnamese bride for his son for 45,000 yuan (£5,000) last year. However, his

daughter-in-law disappeared only a few months later along with some other brides from vietnam Asked why he would buy his son a bride, Yanlin said the cost of a Chinese marriage is too much for his family In recent years, many women from neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar and Vietnam have married rural Chinese men through marriage brokers or human traffickers. Marriage between such couples has become a prosperous business and one can easily find information about such foreign brides on online trading platforms. But such illegal marriages are often fragile. Many foreign brides escape shortly after their wedding and domestic violence shadows the families as in the illegal relationships, husband and wife are often considered unequal. To help bachelors find partners, local governments should developtheir economies and improve the income of residents to encourage more women to marry local men, said Yi, adding that a rebalancing of China s sex ratio is also urgently needed. This article was originally produced and published by China Daily. View the originalarticleatchinadaily.com.cn

daughter-in-law disappeared only a few months later along with some other brides from Vietnam. Asked why he would buy his son a bride, Yanlin said the cost of a Chinese marriage is too much for his family. In recent years, many women from neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar and Vietnam have married rural Chinese men through marriage brokers or human traffickers. Marriage between such couples has become a prosperous business and one can easily find information about such foreign brides on online trading platforms. But such illegal marriages are often fragile. Many foreign brides escape shortly after their wedding and domestic violence shadows the families as in the illegal relationships, husband and wife are often considered unequal. To help bachelors find partners, local governments should develop their economies and improve the income of residents to encourage more women to marry local men, said Yi, adding that a rebalancing of China’s sex ratio is also urgently needed. This article was originally produced and published by China Daily. View the original article at chinadaily.com.cn