《空中交通运输系统》（英文版）chapter 3 formtechspnt

MIT ICAT Technology Considerations for Advanced Formation Flight Systems Prof, r john hansman MIT International Center for Air Transportation

MIT ICAT Technology Considerations for Advanced Formation Flight Systems Prof. R. John Hansman MIT International Center for Air Transportation

MIT How Can Technologies Impact ICAT System Concept Need (technology Pull O Technologies can fulfill need or requirement a Technologies can overcome barriers(imitations, constraints, etc. Opportunity(Technology Push) a Technologies can Create Opportunities 日 New Capabilities 口 Competitive advantage ◆Cost ◆ Performance Maintenance ◆ Other

MIT ICAT How Can Technologies Impact System Concept y Need (Technology Pull) † Technologies can fulfill need or requirement † Technologies can overcome barriers (limitations, constraints, etc.) y Opportunity (Technology Push) † Technologies can Create Opportunities † New Capabilities † Competitive advantage ‹ Cost ‹ Performance ‹ Maintenance ‹ Other

MIT Formation System Concept is Itself ICAT a Technology Needs 口 Efficient Transport Fuel ◆Cost N Crew Maintenance Operational Access(Noise, Runways) ◆F| exibility ◆ Others Opportunity a Different design space if use multiple vehicles a Overcome constraints(eg runway width, single departure point) □ Performance ◆ Fuel efficiency,crew a Development of key technologies enable formation flight 日 Flexibility 日 Runway Throughput

MIT ICAT Formation System Concept is Itself a Technology y Needs † Efficient Transport ‹ Fuel ‹ Cost ÐCrew, Maintenance… ‹ Operational Access (Noise, Runways) ‹ Flexibility ‹ Others y Opportunity † Different design space if use multiple vehicles † Overcome constraints (eg runway width, single departure point) † Performance ‹ Fuel efficiency, crew † Development of key technologies enable formation flight † Flexibility † Runway Throughput

MIT What are the Key Technologies for ICAT Formation Flight Start with Fundamental abstraction of system or concept (many ways) □ Functiona 口 Operational ◆ Concept of operations 口 Physical 日 Component a Constraint 口 Information Based on Abstract view, identify 日 Technology needs 日 Key questions a Potential opportunities Useful to sketch elements to visualize system 日 Multiple views

MIT ICAT What are the Key Technologies for Formation Flight y Start with Fundamental Abstraction of System or Concept (many ways) † Functional † Operational ‹ Concept of Operations † Physical † Component † Constraint † Information y Based on Abstract view, identify † Technology needs † Key questions † Potential opportunities y Useful to sketch elements to visualize system † Multiple views

MIT What are the Key Technologies for ICAT Formation Flight

MIT ICAT What are the Key Technologies for Formation Flight

MIT What are the Key Technologies for ICAT Formation Flight Overall Concept Questions Concept Scale Q Concept of Operations? Opportunities/Costs 日 How does form up occur a Performance gains estimate u Station keeping requirements 口 Failure modes ◆ Capacity Q Existing elements or New 口 Costs Vehicles Development Control Systems Deployment CNS Other Concept Technologies Regs 日 Formation design 日 Station Keeping Com Nav ◆ Surveillance ◆ Control

MIT ICAT What are the Key Technologies for Formation Flight y Overall Concept Questions † Concept of Operations? † How does form up occur † Station keeping requirements † Failure Modes † Existing elements or New ‹ Vehicles ‹ Control Systems ‹ CNS ‹ Other y Concept Scale Opportunities/Costs † Performance gains estimate ‹ Fuel ‹ Capacity † Costs ‹ Development ‹ Deployment y Concept Technologies Reqs † Formation design † Station Keeping ‹ Com ‹ Nav ‹ Surveillance ‹ Control

MIT What are the Key Technologies for ICAT Formation Flight · Communications Navigation · Surveil|lnce Control(Station Keeping) 口 ntent states 日 String stability Vehicle Configuration 口Aero/ Performance 口 Control Propulsion Degree of Autonomy Flight Criticality 口 Hardware 口 Software Low Observability · Others?

MIT ICAT What are the Key Technologies for Formation Flight y Communications y Navigation y Surveillance y Control (Station Keeping) † Intent States † String Stability y Vehicle Configuration † Aero/Performance † Control y Propulsion y Degree of Autonomy y Flight Criticality † Hardware † Software y Low Observability y Others?

MIT ICAT Communications Requirements a Communicate necessary information between formation elements and command node (lan and Air-Ground 口 Bandwidth 口Low- Observable? a Synchronous vs asynchronous Constraints 日 spectrum □ Antenna location echnologies 口 Radio ◆UHF,VHF,MMW a Optical ◆ Laser 口 Protocols

MIT ICAT Communications y Requirements † Communicate necessary information between formation elements and command node (LAN and Air-Ground) † Bandwidth † Low-Observable? † Synchronous vs asynchronous y Constraints † Spectrum † Antenna Location y Technologies † Radio ‹ UHF, VHF, MMW † Optical ‹ Laser † Protocols

MIT ICAT COMMUNICATION Voice 日VHF( line of sight 118.0-1350Mhz a..025 spacing in US, 0.083 spacing in Europe) UHF ◆230-400Mhz( guess) HF(over the horizon) Optical (secure Datalink Q ACARS (VHF)-VDL Mode 2 Q VDL Modes 3 and 4(split voice and data) Q HF Datalink(China and Selcal Geosynchronous(Inmarsatt ◆ Antenna Requirements LEO and MEo Networks Software radios Antenna Requirements

MIT ICAT COMMUNICATION y Voice † VHF (line of sight) ‹ 118.0-135.0 Mhz ‹ .025 spacing in US, 0.083 spacing in Europe) † UHF ‹ 230-400 Mhz (guess) † HF (over the horizon) † Optical (secure) y Datalink † ACARS (VHF) - VDL Mode 2 † VDL Modes 3 and 4 (split voice and data) † HF Datalink (China and Selcal) y Geosynchronous (Inmarsatt) ‹ Antenna Requirements y LEO and MEO Networks y Software Radios y Antenna Requirements

MIT ICAT Generic Avionic System Antenna Sensor Black Box Interface Unit Power Hardware Display MFD Cooling Software Input Device Databus Antenna Datalink Flight Data Recorder

MIT ICAT Generic Avionic System Software Hardware Antenna Sensor Databus Flight Data Recorder Black Box Input Device Display MFD Interface Unit Antenna Datalink Power Cooling