美国麻省理工大学：《航空航天学讲义》教学资源（讲义，英文版）7 literaturesearchescitation

Literature searches Citing sources Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Literature searches Citing sources Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 1

Why search(and cite) the literature of your field? Credibility: To be sure that your work is based on current sound research--the best in your field Focus: To be able to place your work in context Efficiency: To be sure that you' re not duplicating work unnecessarily Professional ethics: If you dont show your awareness of current research and give appropriate citation, you risk appearing naive or arrogant or dishonest Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Why search (and cite) the literature of your field? • Credibility: To be sure that your work is based on current, sound research--the best in your field. • Focus: To be able to place your work in context. • Efficiency: To be sure that you’re not duplicating work unnecessarily. • Professional ethics: If you don’t show your awareness of current research and give appropriate citation, you risk appearing naïve or arrogant or dishonest. Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 2

Where do literature searches appear? Sometimes they are separate documents lore often, they are embedded in complex documents(proposals, reports, thesis) Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Where do literature searches appear? • Sometimes they are separate documents. • More often, they are embedded in complex documents (proposals, reports, thesis). Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 3

Where to find literature to search? Start with a respected current source, and look at that author's list of sources Talk to your professor or to a professional in that field Ask a reference librarian for help in searching Books Journal articles Electronic databases Conference proceedings Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Where to find literature to search? • Start with a respected, current source, and look at that author’s list of sources. • Talk to your professor or to a professional in that field. • Ask a reference librarian for help in searching – B o o ks – Journal articles – Electronic databases – Conference proceedings Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 4

Where to find literature,,,? Use the internet judiciously Find out as much as you can about the site and the site manager, the date of posting, and whether or not the material was peer-reviewed If a posted article is important to your work, print the article for future documentation Join a professional listserve and put out a request for information Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Where to find literature. . . ? • Use the Internet judiciously. – Find out as much as you can about the site and the site manager, the date of posting, and whether or not the material was peer-reviewed. – If a posted article is important to your work, print the article for future documentation. • Join a professional listserve and put out a request for information. Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 5

Other keys to searching Know your purpose in searching the literature Narrow the scope of the material you're searching assess the author ' s credibility Get a sense of how the piece of material relates to others Write a summary of the key points of the article Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Other keys to searching • Know your purpose in searching the literature. • Narrow the scope of the material you’re searching. • Assess the author’s credibility. • Get a sense of how the piece of material relates to others. • Write a summary of the key points of the article. Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 6

Gather bibliographical details systematicall · Books · Articles Author(s)or editor's full Author(s)or editor' s ful name name Exact title Exact title of article Publication information Publication information Year of publication Exact journal title · City of publication · Volume and issue publisher Year of publication Edition Page numbers Page numbers Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Gather bibliographical details systematically. • Books • Articles – Author (s) or editor’s full name – Exact title – Publication information • Year of publication • City of publication • Publisher • Edition • Page numbers – Author (s) or editor’s full name – Exact title of article – Publication information • Exact journal title • Volume and issue • Year of publication • Page numbers Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 7

Getting details systematically · Electronic sources all of the information for articles previously listed URL of the site Type of source/site Date you accessed it Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Getting details systematically • Electronic sources – All of the information for articles previously listed – URL of the site – Type of source/site – Date you accessed it Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 8

Retrievable vs. non-retrievable sources · Retrievable sources Non-retrievable sources sources that anyone could sources that are personal sources that not every member access of the public could access Unpublished papers but not dissertations These go into the list of sources cited at the end of the document Personal Web sites and theyre noted by superscript E-mails and conversations numbers in the text These sources are cited in footnotes and indicated by symbol at the bottom of the page, NOT superscript numbers Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

Retrievable vs.. non-retrievable sources Retrievable sources: • • Non-retrievable sources: sources that anyone could access. These go into the list of sources cited at the end of the document, and they’re noted by superscript numbers in the text. sources that are personal; sources that not every member of the public could access – Unpublished papers but not dissertations – Personal Web sites – E-mails and conversations These sources are cited in footnotes and indicated by symbol at the bottom of the page, NOT superscript numbers. Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 9

as you do the literature search what's your purpose Critical or evaluative summary of information relevant to your research Not just a report but rather a critical discussion of the validity of this work and its relevance to your work Choose a method of organization that suits your purpose To trace development, organize your findings chronologically To reflect controversy, organize around the positions held Department of Aeronautics and astronautics

As you do the literature search, what’s your purpose? • Critical or evaluative summary of information relevant to your research – Not just a report but rather a critical discussion of the validity of this work and its relevance to your work. – Choose a method of organization that suits your purpose. • To trace development, organize your findings chronologically. • To reflect controversy, organize around the positions held. Department of Aeronautics and Astronauti cs 10