华中科技大学同济医学院：《环境卫生学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第三章 大气卫生 Air Sanitation

Air sanitation sDept of Environmentalhealth 象

Air Sanitation 环境卫生学教研室 Air Sanitation Dept. of Environmental health Aiguo Wang

Constituent of Environment lo热电离层 关,小的成 ,典 逸散层 国的 的 50km 等 平层 204 OH的,告对溉 泊 水圈 海洋 皇公以面平是常,那土木,显土阳 石周 已距立所到

Constituent of Environment

Atmospheric sphere Definition the air layer which surround the surface of earth and circumrotate with earth (包围地球表面并随着地球旋转的空气层) The thick is around 2000km--3000km >The character of physics and chemistry of atmospheric sphere is change with height

Atmospheric sphere • Definition：the air layer which surround the surface of earth and circumrotate with earth. (包围地球表面并随着地球旋转的空气层) ➢The thick is around 2000km～3000km. ➢The character of physics and chemistry of atmospheric sphere is change with height

Section 1 Upright structure of atmospheric sphere 升大气层(遮积层 层 thermosphere 90m一非均 umbrella of earth 92. 均 忽 中阔层 1. Nea Ozone layer mesphere 2. Density is the most 25~35km.20km 3. Thickness is change 50km 2°C 4. Upright and horizontal move 平层 臭氧屠 5. Mostly climate changes stratosphere 网温品 happen in this layer Hkn--6c 6. Contain mostly pollutants Isothermal layer 对流层 22km,-50~-60℃ troposphere

1. Nearness earth 2. Density is the most 3. Thickness is change 4. Upright and horizontal move 5. Mostly climate changes happen in this layer 6.Contain mostly pollutants troposphere stratosphere Isothermal layer 22km, -50~-60℃ Ozone layer 25 ~35km, 20km umbrella of earth Section 1 Upright structure of atmospheric sphere mesphere thermosphere

Component of air Nitrogen: 789 Oxygen: 21% Argon: 0.93% Carbon dioxide: 0.03% >(1) City is higher than country >(2) The CO2 contain is increase 1.5ppm increase for each year 1800(270ppm);1984(345ppm 2100(temperature will increase 6C)

Component of air • Nitrogen: 78% • Oxygen：21% • Argon：0.93% • Carbon dioxide：0.03% ➢ (1) City is higher than country ➢ (2) The CO2 contain is increase: 1.5ppm increase for each year 1800 (270ppm); 1984 (345ppm) 2100 (temperature will increase 6℃)

Physical state of air Solar radiation ultraviolet radiation vUV-A:320-400nm √UVB:275-320nm VUV-C: 200-275nm Meteorological factor: adjust, pollutant Air ionization

Physical state of air • Solar radiation: ultraviolet radiation ✓UV-A: 320-400nm ✓UV-B: 275-320nm ✓UV-C: 200-275nm • Meteorological factor: adjust, pollutant • Air ionization

Air ionization Light ion: 10-15 molecule Heavy ion: particulate, water drop Heavy ion/ light ion< 50

Air ionization • Light ion: 10-15 molecule • Heavy ion: particulate, water drop • Heavy ion/ light ion≤ 50

Section 2 Air pollution Definition 由于人类活动或自然过程,使得排 放到大气中物质的浓度及持续时间足以 对人的舒适感、健康,对设施或环境j 生不利影响时,称大气污染

Section 2 Air pollution Definition 由于人类活动或自然过程，使得排 放到大气中物质的浓度及持续时间足以 对人的舒适感、健康，对设施或环境产 生不利影响时，称大气污染

Pollution source(污染源) >Natural source > Anthropogenic source iMmobile a mobile

Pollution source （污染源） ➢Natural source ➢Anthropogenic source ▪Immobile ▪mobile

Anthropogenic source 1. Industry and enterprise (1)Fossil fuel burning: coal, petroleur (2) Emission from working process 2. Living cooking range and heating boiler 3. Traffic transport汽车尾气推放的污染物 4. Come from other environmental media 5. Other: untoward incident, garbage burning

Anthropogenic source 1. Industry and enterprise (1) Fossil fuel burning: coal, petroleum (2) Emission from working process 2. Living cooking range and heating boiler 3. Traffic transport 汽车尾气排放的污染物 4. Come from other environmental media 5. Other: untoward incident, garbage burning