华中科技大学同济医学院：《环境卫生学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第五章 饮用水卫生 Drinking Water and Health 5.1 饮用水卫生 Hygienic Significance of Drinking Water 5.2 Drinking Water and Health

Chapter 5 Drinking Water and Health

Chapter 5 Drinking Water and Health

Section one Hygienic Significance of Drinking Water

Section one Hygienic Significance of Drinking Water

Water is essential to life Our health depends on the quality and safety of water Water pollution and poor water resources are the big problem in China. There are 700 million people in China, whose drinking water is not safe Fresh water availability per person in China, on average, are less than one third of the world average. 56%o of 27 rivers, which are main sources of drinking water in China, are polluted with different degree

• Water is essential to life. • Our health depends on the quality and safety of water. • Water pollution and poor water resources are the big problem in China. • There are 700 million people in China, whose drinking water is not safe. • Fresh water availability per person in China, on average, are less than one third of the world average. • 56% of 27 rivers, which are main sources of drinking water in China, are polluted with different degree

我国水资源污染的主要问题 1.迅速的工业化一向地面水大量排放化学污染物 有毒有害物质增加,若处理不当或不加处理,污 染水源后可造成人群的急、慢性中毒,甚至引起致 突变、致癌和致畸作用 2.城市化发展一城市生活污水处理设施贫乏 水源受到生活污水的污染,加之饮水消毒设施不 完善,常可使饮水水质不良,从而导致肠道疾病患病 率增加,甚至引起介水传染病的流行。 3.现代农业发展一对水资源的影响 大量使用化肥和农药,用未处理的污水进行灌溉 家禽和家畜饲养业迅速发展,带来了大量的废物和 染物,造成水体的富营养化

我国水资源污染的主要问题 1 . 迅速的工业化— 向地面水大量排放化学污染物。 有毒有害物质增加，若处理不当或不加处理，污 染水源后，可造成人群的急、慢性中毒，甚至引起致 突变、致癌和致畸作用。 2. 城市化发展— 城市生活污水处理设施贫乏 水源受到生活污水的污染，加之饮水消毒设施不 完善，常可使饮水水质不良，从而导致肠道疾病患病 率增加，甚至引起介水传染病的流行。 3. 现代农业发展— 对水资源的影响 大量使用化肥和农药，用未处理的污水进行灌溉， 家禽和家畜饲养业迅速发展，带来了大量的废物和污 染物，造成水体的富营养化

Section two Drinking Water and Health

Section two Drinking Water and Health

Section two Drinking Water and Health I Diseases caused by contamination of drinking water I. Other health effects of contamination of drinking water

Section two Drinking Water and Health I. Diseases caused by contamination of drinking water II. Other health effects of contamination of drinking water

I Diseases caused by contamination of drinking water Water-borne communicable diseases Toxic diseases caused by chemical pollution

I. Diseases caused by contamination of drinking water Water-borne communicable diseases Toxic diseases caused by chemical pollution

介水传染病 Water-borne communicable diseases 通过饮用或接触受病原体污染的水而传播的疾 病,又称水性传染病。 大致有40多种传染病是通过介水而传播的。 常见的介水传染病有霍乱、伤寒、副伤寒、痢 疾、病毒性肝炎等肠道传染病以及血吸虫、贾 第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫等寄生虫病和钩端螺旋体 病

介水传染病 Water-borne communicable diseases • 通过饮用或接触受病原体污染的水而传播的疾 病，又称水性传染病。 • 大致有40多种传染病是通过介水而传播的。 • 常见的介水传染病有霍乱、伤寒、副伤寒、痢 疾、病毒性肝炎等肠道传染病以及血吸虫、贾 第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫等寄生虫病和钩端螺旋体 病

1. Main sources of waterborne pathogens Human and animal fecal wastes domestic waste water and waste water of agriculture and industry (人畜粪便、生活污水、医院、农业以及 畜牧屠宰、皮革和食品工业等废水)

1．Main sources of waterborne pathogens Human and animal fecal wastes, domestic waste water, and waste water of agriculture and industry. (人畜粪便、生活污水、医院、农业以及 畜牧屠宰、皮革和食品工业等废水)

2. Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Waterborne disease 主要有三类: ① Bacteria细菌,如大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、霍乱 弧菌、痢疾杆菌等。 ② Viruses病毒,如甲型肝炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎 病毒、柯萨奇病毒和腺病毒等。 ③ Protozoa原虫,如隐孢子虫、贾第氏虫、溶 组织阿米巴原虫、血吸虫等。它们主要来自人 粪便、生活污水、医院以及畜牧屠宰、皮革和 食品工业等废水

2．Pathohgenic Microorganisms Associated with Waterborne Disease 主要有三类： ① Bacteria 细菌，如大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、霍乱 弧菌、痢疾杆菌等。 ② Viruses 病毒，如甲型肝炎病毒、脊髓灰质炎 病毒、柯萨奇病毒和腺病毒等。 ③ Protozoa 原虫，如隐孢子虫、贾第氏虫、溶 组织阿米巴原虫、血吸虫等。它们主要来自人 粪便、生活污水、医院以及畜牧屠宰、皮革和 食品工业等废水