《爆破工程 Blasting Engineering》课程教学课件（讲稿）Chapter 1 Basic theory of explosion

Chapter 1Basic theory ofExplosionContents1.1somebasicconcepts1.2basicformsofthechemicalreactionofexplosives1.3Explosiveoxygenbalanceanditsreactionproductions1.4thermo-chemicalparametersofexplosive本章思考题2016/11/9Chapter1BasictheoryofExplosion

2016/11/9 Chapter 1 Basic theory of Explosion 2 Contents Chapter 1 Basic theory of Explosion 1.1 some basic concepts 1.2 basic forms of the chemical reaction of explosives 1.3 Explosive oxygen balance and its reaction productions 1.4 thermo-chemical parameters of explosive 本章思考题

Chapter 1 Basic theory ofExplosionContents1.5Explosivesensitivity1.6ExplosiveInitiation1.7 Explosivedetonationtheory1.8PropertiesofExplosion本章思考题2016/11/9Chapter1 BasictheoryofExplosion

2016/11/9 Chapter 1 Basic theory of Explosion 3 Contents Chapter 1 Basic theory of Explosion 1.5 Explosive sensitivity 1.6 Explosive Initiation 1.7 Explosive detonation theory 1.8 Properties of Explosion 本章思考题

1.1 Some basic conceptsAchemical substanceor mixturehas a explosive effect,orundergoes a rapid chemical reaction with great energy release, gasproduction on certain conditionsExplosiveClassification of explosionPhysical explosion(withoutchemicalreaction）Nuclearexplosionnuclear fission or nuclearfusion)Chemicalexplosion (new substancegenerated)2016/11/9第一章炸药爆炸基本理论

2016/11/9 第一章 炸药爆炸基本理论 4 1.1 Some basic concepts  Physical explosion（without chemical reaction）  Nuclear explosion （nuclear fission or nuclear fusion）  Chemical explosion（new substance generated） A chemical substance or mixture has a explosive effect , or undergoes a rapid chemical reaction with great energy release, gas production on certain conditions Classification of explosion： Explosive

The three factorsof chemicaexplosion23ExothermicLots of gasAhigh-speedreactionproductionreactiongenerated inreactionThe requiredThe importantenergybysymbol ofThe medium ofexplosionexplosion reactiondifferentfromaexplosion workingoutsidenormal chemicalreaction2016/11/9第一章炸药爆炸基本理论

2016/11/9 第一章 炸药爆炸基本理论 5 The three factors of chemical explosion 1 Exothermic reaction The required energy by explosion 3 Lots of gas production generated in reaction The medium of explosion working outside 2 A high-speed reaction The important symbol of explosion reaction different from a normal chemical reaction

Aluminothermic Reaction2Al+Fe2O3→Al2O3+2Fe+828kJThis process reacts sharply, and releases lots heats that thetemperature of productions can beheated to 3000KHowever, no gas is generated in this process, so the reaction cannot work outside because of the lack of the medium whichchange the heat energy to the mechanic energyTherefore.the reaction is not a explosion case2016/11/9

2016/11/9 6 Aluminothermic Reaction  2Al+Fe2O3→Al2O3+2Fe+828kJ  This process reacts sharply, and releases lots heats that the temperature of productions can be heated to 3000K. However, no gas is generated in this process, so the reaction can not work outside because of the lack of the medium which change the heat energy to the mechanic energy. Therefore, the reaction is not a explosion case. ★ ★

1.2BasicformsofchemicalreactionofexplosivesCBASlowExplosionCombustionorDecompoorDetonationsitionDeflagrationdetonationAnexplosionwhosereactionratereachesthemaximumstationary detonationvelocity,which could be thousands m/s2016/11/9

2016/11/9 7 1.2 Basic forms of chemical reaction of explosives An explosion whose reaction rate reaches the maximum stationary detonation velocity, which could be thousands m/s. Slow Decompo￾sition A Explosion or Detonation C Combustion or Deflagration B detonation

2016/11/9第一章炸药爆炸基本理论

2016/11/9 第一章 炸药爆炸基本理论 8

1.3the oxygen balance and thereactionproductionOxygenbalanceThe oxygen balance means thedifference between the oxygen content inthe explosive and that requierd oxygen,which can oxidize all the combustibleelements.The oxygen balance is usually expressed bythe mass (gram) or the mass fraction of theoxygen difference (redundance or lack)in2016/11/9赛本理让pergramexplosive

2016/11/9 第一章 炸药爆炸基本理论 9 1.3 the oxygen balance and the reaction production The oxygen balance means the difference between the oxygen content in the explosive and that requierd oxygen, which can oxidize all the combustible elements. The oxygen balance is usually expressed by the mass (gram) or the mass fraction of the oxygen difference (redundance or lack) in per gram explosive. Oxygen balance

Calculation of oxygen balanceThegeneralformulaofexplosivecanbeexpressedas:CaHbNcOdso, the oxygen balance can be calculated byObd -(2a +b /2)|×16×100%MwhereObThe oxygen balance of explosive;MThe molarmass ofexplosive (g/mol);16The molar mass of oxygen (g/mol)102016/11/9

2016/11/9 10 Calculation of oxygen balance The general formula of explosive can be expressed as： CaHbNcOd so, the oxygen balance can be calculated by：   1 Q d a b b (2 / 2) 16 100% M      Qb M where The oxygen balance of explosive； The molar mass of explosive（g/mol）； 16 The molar mass of oxygen （g/mol）

Calculationof oxygen balanceof the explosive mixturethe calculaitonformulad -(2a + b /2)l×16×100%O1000orO,-Em,OiwhereQbimare the mass fraction and the oxygenbalanceof conponenti, respectively112016/11/9

2016/11/9 11 Calculation of oxygen balance of the explosive mixture the calculaiton formula：   1 (2 / 2) 16 100% 1000 Q d a b b      or Q m Q b i bi  mi Qbi where 、 are the mass fraction and the oxygen balance of conponent i, respectively