同济大学：《经济学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）Ch11 National Income Accounting

1907 Ch11 National Income Accounting Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY Ch11 National Income Accounting

13-2 0 例 Topics Economy's Income and Expenditure Gross Domestic Product Consumer Price Index(CPI) Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-2 Topics  Economy’s Income and Expenditure  Gross Domestic Product  Consumer Price Index (CPI)

190 13-3 3树 11.1 ECONOMY'S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE For an economy as a whole,income must equal expenditure because: -Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-3 11.1 ECONOMY’S INCOME AND EXPENDITURE  For an economy as a whole, income must equal expenditure because: – Every transaction has a buyer and a seller. – Every dollar of spending by some buyer is a dollar of income for some seller

13-4 0 11.2 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT Gross domestic product (GDP)is a measure of the income and expenditures of an economy. It is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-4 11.2 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT • Gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of the income and expenditures of an economy. • It is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time

490 13-5 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP What Is Not Counted in GDP? -GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace. -It excludes items produced and sold illicitly,such as illegal drugs. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-5 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • What Is Not Counted in GDP? – GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace. – It excludes items produced and sold illicitly, such as illegal drugs

13-6 10 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP GDP ()is the sum of the following: Consumption (C) -Investment 1) Government Purchases (G) -Net Exports NX) Y=C+I +G+NX where Y=GDP the value of total output C+I +G NX aggregate expenditure Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-6 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP • GDP (Y) is the sum of the following: – Consumption (C) – Investment (I) – Government Purchases (G) – Net Exports (NX) Y = C + I + G + NX where Y = GDP = the value of total output C + I + G + NX = aggregate expenditure

13-7 490 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP(1) Consumption (C): The spending by households on goods and services,with the exception of purchases of new housing ·durable goods last a long time ex:cars,home appliances ●non-durable goods last a short time ex:food,clothing ●services work done for consumers ex:dry cleaning, air travel. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-7 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP(1) • Consumption (C): – The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing. • durable goods last a long time ex: cars, home appliances • non-durable goods last a short time ex: food, clothing • services work done for consumers ex: dry cleaning, air travel

13-8 0 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP2) Investment (I): -The spending on capital equipment,inventories,and structures, including new housing. Includes: .business fixed investment spending on plant and equipment that firms will use to produce other goods services .residential fixed investment spending on housing units by consumers and landlords inventory investment the change in the value of all firms'inventories Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-8 • Investment (I): – The spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including new housing. Includes: • business fixed investment spending on plant and equipment that firms will use to produce other goods & services • residential fixed investment spending on housing units by consumers and landlords • inventory investment the change in the value of all firms’ inventories THE COMPONENTS OF GDP(2)

190 13-9 Net vs.Gross Investment Net investment is positive when the nation is producing more capital goods than are currently being used up in the form of depreciation. Since depreciation is hard to estimate accurately,statisticians have more confidence in their measures of gross investment than in those of net investment. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-9 Net vs. Gross Investment • Net investment is positive when the nation is producing more capital goods than are currently being used up in the form of depreciation. Since depreciation is hard to estimate accurately, statisticians have more confidence in their measures of gross investment than in those of net investment

13-10 0 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP3) 。 Government Purchases (G): -The spending on goods and services by local,state,and federal governments. Does not include transfer payments because they are not made in exchange for currently produced goods or services. ·Net Exports (NX): -Exports minus imports. Economics ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,TONGJI UNIVERSITY

Economics ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT SCHOOL, TONGJI UNIVERSITY 13-10 THE COMPONENTS OF GDP(3) • Government Purchases (G): – The spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal governments. – Does not include transfer payments because they are not made in exchange for currently produced goods or services. • Net Exports (NX): – Exports minus imports