《英语阅读》课程教学资源（PPT课件）07 英语阅读（四）Unit 7 Savior or Destroyer（Nuclear Technology）

Unit 7 Savior orDestroyer(Nuclear Technology)

Unit 7 Savior or Destroyer (Nuclear Technology)

The Fat Man mushroomcloud resultingfromthenuclearexplosion overNagasakirises18km(11mi,60.000ft)intotheairfromthehypocenter.Themushroom cloud over Hiroshimaafterthedroppingof Little Boy

The mushroom cloud over Hiroshima after the dropping of Little Boy The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises 18 km (11 mi, 60,000 ft) into the air from the hypocenter

Within the first two to four months of the bombings,theacuteeffectskilled90.000-166.000peopleinHiroshimaand60,000-80,000inNagasaki,withroughly halfofthedeaths in each city occurring on the first day.Ofthepeoplewhodiedonthedayof theexplosion,60%diedfromflashorflameburns,30%fromfallingdebrisand10%fromothercausesDuring the following months,large numbers died fromthe effect of burns,radiation sickness,and other injuriescompoundedbyillnessInaUS estimateof thetotal immediate and short termcauseof death,15-20%died fromradiation sickness,20-30%fromflashburns,and50-60%fromotherinjuries,compounded by illness.Inboth cities,most ofthe dead were civilians

• Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day. • Of the people who died on the day of the explosion, 60% died from flash or flame burns, 30% from falling debris and 10% from other causes. • During the following months, large numbers died from the effect of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness. • In a US estimate of the total immediate and short term cause of death, 15–20% died from radiation sickness, 20–30% from flash burns, and 50–60% from other injuries, compounded by illness. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians

Life cycleminingNuclearpowerplantReprocessingrepositoryplant

Life cycle repository mining Nuclear power plant

Effects of NuclearRadiation onthe Human BodyHighSensitivityBKANModaate SansltlvityLowSensitivitySKINB1NT2000THRUD1900ESOPHUS18001700LUNG160015001400MARRWNBREAST1300BONE1200GALLBLADDER11001000STOMACH900SPLEEN800LERPARCREAS700600KIDNEYSKIDNEYS500400CVARIISOVARI300200TEETINESCOLON10050CStan and HollyDeyo,Millennium-ark.net

Effects of Nuclear Radiation on the Human Body

Morethan2.000rad:Death is a certainty.Everything happens veryquickly.Death occurs within days or hours.1.000to2.000rad:Theprobability ofdeath increasesto 100%within one to two 2000 rad weeks.The initialsymptoms appear immediately.Afew days laterthings get very bad, very quickly since thegastrointestinal system is destroyed. Once theGl system ceases tofunction,nothing can bedone,and medical care is for comfort only

• More than 2,000 rad: Death is a certainty. Everything happens very quickly. Death occurs within days or hours. • 1,000 to 2,000 rad: The probability of death increases to 100% within one to two 2000 rad weeks. The initial symptoms appear immediately. A few days later, things get very bad, very quickly since the gastrointestinal system is destroyed. Once the GI system ceases to function, nothing can be done, and medical care is for comfort only

150to1.100radSevere blood changes will be noted andsymptoms appear immediately.Approximately twoweeks later,some of those exposed may die.Deathis due to the destruction of the blood forming organsWithoutwhite blood cells,infection is likely.50to 150rad:Slight blood changes including temporary drop inproduction of new blood cells will be noted and likelysymptoms of nausea,fatigue and vomiting for oneortwodays5to50rad:Slight blood changes may be detected by medicalevaluationLessthan5rad:Noimmediate observable effects

• 150 to 1,100 rad: Severe blood changes will be noted and symptoms appear immediately. Approximately two weeks later, some of those exposed may die. Death is due to the destruction of the blood forming organs. Without white blood cells, infection is likely. • 50 to 150 rad: Slight blood changes including temporary drop in production of new blood cells will be noted and likely symptoms of nausea, fatigue and vomiting for one or two days. • 5 to 50 rad: Slight blood changes may be detected by medical evaluation • Less than 5 rad: No immediate observable effects

Relativity（enriched physics andfatuu-astronomysuperseded a 200-year-old奇一首十奇·theory of mechanicselucidatedbyIsaacNewtonE=mc2Forexample,itoverturnedthe concept of motion fromNewton's day,into all motionisrelative.no longer couldphysics beunderstoodasspacebyitselfandtimebyitself.Instead.anadded dimension had to betaken into account withcurved space-time

Relativity • enriched physics and astronomy • superseded a 200 -year -old theory of mechanics elucidated by Isaac Newton • For example, it overturned the concept of motion from Newton's day, into all motion is relative. • no longer could physics be understood as space by itself, and time by itself. Instead, an added dimension had to be taken into account with curved space -time

ReadingOneTell yourunderstandingsPara.1“Hardly anyone understood the Theory ofRelativity at the time it was announced, becauseit postulated concepts that were so far removedfrom experience that they seem to defy logic.Almostno one understood the TheoryofRelativity when it was announced,because itseemed inconsistent with our experience andlogically difficulttofathom

Reading One Tell your understandings • Para.1 • “Hardly anyone understood the Theory of Relativity at the time it was announced, because it postulated concepts that were so far removed from experience that they seem to defy logic.” • Almost no one understood the Theory of Relativity when it was announced, because it seemed inconsistent with our experience and logically difficult to fathom

Para.2“the entire world quickly came to appreciate itsastounding importance 40 years later when it burst intotheheadlines at the end of the Second World War.It: Einstein's theoryBurst into the headlines: suddenly get a lot of publicityfromthe media./ becametheshockingnews40years later,the explosionof thenuclearbombshocked the entire world at the end of the Second WorldWar.Peoplecameto awareness of the importance ofEinstein's theoryPara.14“ignorance offusion inevitably distorts thedebate overnuclear energy and itspossible alternativesIgnorance of fusion will be certain to make the debateover nuclear energy and itspossible alternatives invalid

• Para.2 • “the entire world quickly came to appreciate its astounding importance 40 years later when it burst into the headlines at the end of the Second World War.” • It: Einstein’s theory • Burst into the headlines: suddenly get a lot of publicity from the media. / became the shocking news • 40 years later, the explosion of the nuclear bomb shocked the entire world at the end of the Second World War. People came to awareness of the importance of Einstein’s theory. • Para.14 • “ignorance of fusion inevitably distorts the debate over nuclear energy and its possible alternatives.” • Ignorance of fusion will be certain to make the debate over nuclear energy and its possible alternatives invalid