《植物育种学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）PLANT BREEDING 02

Chapter Plant Germplasm 种资 示t NIni Inge 牛减 Dept of PlantBreeding'airdiSeed Engineering

Chapter 2 Plant Germplasm 种质资源 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering

8 1 Importance of Germplasm Resources 种质资源的重要性 1.The Concept of Germplasm Resources种质资源的概念 Genetic Resources Gene resources Varietal resources Gene Bank It refers to all the plant materials used for plant breeding

§1 Importance of Germplasm Resources 种质资源的重要性 1.The Concept of Germplasm Resources 种质资源的概念 Genetic Resources Gene Resources Varietal Resources Gene Bank It refers to all the plant materials used for plant breeding

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2.The Importance of Plant germplasm 种质资源的重要性 Germplasm Resources are a physical foundation for Plant breeding. Polymorphism of germplasm assures successful breeding In past plant breeding, all breakthroughs in Plant breeding come from discoveries of extraordinary source of plant germplasm e.g. Dwarf genes in wheat and rice cms genes in rice, sorghum, rapeseed 2 gene in maIze 00 genes in rapeseed

2.The Importance of Plant germplasm 种质资源的重要性 • Germplasm Resources are a physical foundation for Plant breeding. Polymorphism of germplasm assures successful breeding. • In past plant breeding, all breakthroughs in Plant breeding come from discoveries of extraordinary source of plant germplasm e.g. Dwarf genes in wheat and rice cms genes in rice, sorghum, rapeseed O2 gene in maize “00” genes in rapeseed

3.The Imperativeness of germplasm Protection 保护种质资源的紧迫性 It is imperative(*ia) to protect the Plant Germplasm Resources from extinction(灭绝) Reasons Development of industries, cities and roads EXtension and popularization of new improved crop varieties Environmental Pollutions(atmosphere and aquasphere) Mans destroying

3.The Imperativeness of Germplasm Protection 保护种质资源的紧迫性 It is imperative（紧迫） to protect the Plant Germplasm Resources from extinction（灭绝）. Reasons: . Development of industries, cities and roads . Extension and popularization of new improved crop varieties . Environmental Pollutions (atmosphere and aquasphere) . Man’s destroying

8 2 Theories on Centers of Crop Origination 作物起源中心学说 1. The theory of vavilov (1920) Outline of the theory 23-24 Origin center: Big diversity; Dominant characters Wild types Primary origin center; second origin center 2) The 8 centers of crop origination (p 24)

§2 Theories on Centers of Crop Origination 作物起源中心学说 1. The theory of Vovilov(1920) 1） Outline of the theory p.23-24 ➢ Origin center: Big diversity; Dominant characters; Wild types Primary origin center; second origin center 2) The 8 centers of crop origination (p.24)

2. The theory of harlan Center-non-center theory(harlan, 1971 Three centers of origin Near east: N China: C. America Three non-centers: Africa SEASia: S America Harlan preferred regions of origin to centers of origin

2. The theory of Harlan Center-non-center theory (Harlan, 1971) Three centers of origin: Near East; N.China; C. America Three non-centers: Africa; SE Asia; S. America Harlan preferred regions of origin to centers of origin