《植物育种学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）PLANT BREEDING 04

HAP币R每 INTRODUCT-IONOFPEANTS 物别种 BY s Niu Yingze 牛应中 Dept,of Plant Breeding and seed Engineering

CHAPTER 4 INTRODUCTION OF PLANTS 植物引种 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering

8 1 Implication of Plant Introduction 植物引种的作用 What is plant introduction? Narrow sense---introduction of superior cultivars Broad sense---introduction of plants(or crops) 2. Implications of Plant introduction p.50-52

1. What is plant introduction? Narrow sense---introduction of superior cultivars Broad sense---introduction of plants (or crops) 2. Implications of Plant introduction p.50-52. §1 Implication of Plant Introduction 植物引种的作用

1. Promotion of agricultural Production Historicalintroduction of crops Recent introduction of crops 2. Enriching Breeding germplasm Elite crop cultivars Wild plant species Breeding lines 3. Enhancing yield by cultivation in Alien Environments Harvesting for vegetative products(Hemp, flax, jute)

1. Promotion of Agricultural Production Historical introduction of crops Recent introduction of crops 2. Enriching Breeding Germplasm Elite crop cultivars Wild plant species Breeding lines 3. Enhancing yield by Cultivation in Alien Environments Harvesting for vegetative products (Hemp, flax, jute)

82 Principles of Plant Introduction 植物引种的原理 1. Theory of similarity in Climate气候相似论 P.53. 2. Conception of Ecological environment and ecological types p54. Ecological factors 生态因素 including climatic(T, Light, Water), Soil, Living organism factors Ecological environment生态环境 Ecological region 生态地区 Plant ecological type生态类型

§2 Principles of Plant Introduction 植物引种的原理 1. Theory of Similarity in Climate 气候相似论 P. 53. 2. Conception of Ecological environment and ecological types p54. Ecological factors 生态因素 including climatic (T, Light, Water), Soil, Living organism factors Ecological environment 生态环境 Ecological region 生态地区 Plant ecological type 生态类型

3. Relationship between Important Ecological Factors Characteritics of Cultivars and Introduction 1. Temperature factors Response of crops to temperatures Higher temperature----fastercrop growth----shorter duration Upper limit, lower limit, critical temp. optimum temp Vernalization(春化作用) in winter crops 2. Light factors Length of day: long day >12h; short day 12h Response to light: long-day crops: Wheat, Barley short-day crops: Rice; maize Intensity of Light: Depending on the altitude 3. Precipitation and humidity Yearly amount Yearly distribution and seasonal distribution vS requirement of crops for water Air humidity

3. Relationship between Important Ecological Factors, Characteritics of Cultivars and Introduction 1. Temperature factors Response of crops to temperatures: Higher temperature----faster crop growth----shorter duration Upper limit, lower limit, critical temp., optimum temp. Vernalization (春化作用）in winter crops 2. Light factors Length of day：long day >12h; short day < 12h Response to light: long-day crops: Wheat, Barley short-day crops: Rice; Maize Intensity of Light: Depending on the altitude 3. Precipitation and Humidity Yearly amount Yearly distribution and seasonal distribution vs. requirement of crops for water Air humidity

Soil conditions Types of soil: Purple(yellow, red) soils; Clay/loam/sandy soils. Physical nature of soil structure; texture; moisture Chemical nature of soil nutrient status ph. toxic elements(salts), organic matter contents 5. Ecological types of Plants( crop cultivars) Types of crop based on response to temperature and day length: Low temperature and long day crops(wheat) High temperature and short day crops(rice) Types of crop based on maturation period: Early maturity cultivars Medium maturity cultivars Late maturity cultivars

4. Soil Conditions Types of soil: Purple(yellow, red) soils; Clay/loam/sandy soils: Physical nature of soil structure; texture; moisture Chemical nature of soil nutrient status, PH, toxic elements(salts), organic matter contents 5. Ecological types of Plants ( crop cultivars) Types of crop based on response to temperature and day length: Low temperature and long day crops (wheat) High temperature and short day crops (rice) Types of crop based on maturation period: Early maturity cultivars Medium maturity cultivars Late maturity cultivars

83 The Rules for Plant Introduction 植物引种规律 1. Introduction of low temperature and long day crops (wheat) 1)High latitudes to low latitude Elongated duration 2)Low latitude to high latitude Shortened duration 3)Introduction of crops between spring-sowing and winter sowing regions Only spring type of cultivars possible 4) Introduction of crops between high altitude ia#and low altitude regions Downward( duration elongated)upward(only longer type)

§3 The Rules for Plant Introduction 植物引种规律 1. Introduction of low temperature and long day crops (wheat) 1) High latitude纬度 to low latitude Elongated duration 2) Low latitude to high latitude Shortened duration 3) Introduction of crops between spring-sowing and winter￾sowing regions Only spring type of cultivars possible 4) Introduction of crops between high altitude 海拔and low altitude regions Downward ( duration elongated)/ upward (only longer type)

2. Introduction of high temperature and short day crops D)High latitude to low latitude duration shortened 2) Low latitude to high latitude duration elongated 3)Introduction of crops between high altitude and low altitude duration shortened(downward) /elongated(upward

2. Introduction of high temperature and short day crops 1) High latitude to low latitude duration shortened 2) Low latitude to high latitude duration elongated 3) Introduction of crops between high altitude and low altitude duration shortened (downward) /elongated (upward)

3. Sensitivity(敏感性) of Plants to environment and Introduction D)Sensitive types Narrow adaptation Late/winter types) 2)Intermediate types Intermediate (medium maturity) 3)Insensitive types Wider adaptation(Early/spring types)

3. Sensitivity（敏感性） of Plants to Environment and Introduction 1) Sensitive types Narrow adaptation (Late/winter types) 2) Intermediate types Intermediate (medium maturity) 3) Insensitive types Wider adaptation (Early/spring types)

84 The Procedure of Plant Introduction 植物引种的工作环节 1. Collection of plant materials for Introduction引种材料 的搜集 2. Quarantine control检疫工作 3. Introduction trials引种试验 1) Observational trial观察试验 2) Varietal trials and regional trials品比和区域试验 3) cultivation trial栽培试验

§4 The Procedure of Plant Introduction 植物引种的工作环节 1. Collection of Plant Materials for Introduction 引种材料 的搜集 2. Quarantine control 检疫工作 3. Introduction Trials 引种试验 1）Observational trial 观察试验 2) Varietal trials and regional trials 品比和区域试验 3) cultivation trial 栽培试验