《植物育种学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）PLANT BREEDING 03

CHAPER 3 MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND PLANT BREEDING 物繁殖方式与有种 BY s Niu Yingze (牛应门 Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering

CHAPTER 3 MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND PLANT BREEDING 植物繁殖方式与育种 BY Niu Yingze （牛应泽） Dept. of Plant Breeding and Seed Engineering

Chapter 3 Modes of Reproduction and Plant Breeding植物的繁殖方式与育种 8 1 Modes of Reproduction in Plants 植物的繁殖方式 1. Sexual Reproduction Modes of pollination: (1)Self-pollinated plants (2) Cross-pollinated plants ( 3)Often cross-pollinated plants

Chapter 3 Modes of Reproduction and Plant Breeding 植物的繁殖方式与育种 §1 Modes of Reproduction in Plants 植物的繁殖方式 1. Sexual Reproduction Modes of Pollination: (1) Self-pollinated plants (2) Cross-pollinated plants (3) Often cross-pollinated plants

EA/d .Process of reproduction Ovary Microsporocyte In plants (within anther) other cell Meiosis (Mature sporophyte) Meiosis (within ovule (Double fertilization Degenerate Tetrad (three times) Synergids I(female Generative cell Tube cell Germinating pollen grain Zygote→ Embryo(2n) Tube Fig. 2.1 Steps in sexual reproduction in seed plants Of these only one lowermost megaspore i. e farthest from micropyle develops further while other three degenerate. The surviving functional megaspore undergoes three successive nuclear divisions(mitosis) to develop an 8-nucleate embryo-sac or the female gametophyte. The eight nuclei in the embryo-sac move in such a way that three rest at the micropyle end. One of these is egg(female gamete)and other two are

•Process of reproduction In Plants (Double fertilization)

2. Asexual Reproduction (1) Vegetative Reproduction营养繁殖 Root, stem leaves. tuber (2) Apomixis无融合生殖 Haploid gametophyte apomixis(单倍配子体) Diploid gametophyte apomixis(二倍体配子) Adventitious embryo(不定胚)

2. Asexual Reproduction (1) Vegetative Reproduction 营养繁殖 Root, stem, leaves, tuber,…… (2) Apomixis 无融合生殖 Haploid gametophyte apomixis （单倍配子体） Diploid gametophyte apomixis （二倍体配子） Adventitious embryo （不定胚）

3. Determination of Mode of Reproduction 品植物授粉方式的确定 ) Study the floral structure研究花器结构 2) Artificial selfing人工自交 3) Genetic testing of rate of out-crossing异交率测定 Rate=(F1显性性状植株数/F1总植株数)×100% 4) Division of reproduction modes based on the rate of out- crossing不同繁殖方式的异交率

3. Determination of Mode of Reproduction 品植物授粉方式的确定 1) Study the floral structure 研究花器结构 2) Artificial selfing 人工自交 3) Genetic testing of rate of out-crossing 异交率测定 Rate = （F1显性性状植株数/F1总植株数）× 100% 4）Division of reproduction modes based on the rate of out￾crossing 不同繁殖方式的异交率

Modes of Pollination: Percentage of out-crossing (1)Self-pollinated plants 51% ( 3)Often cross-pollinated plants 5-50

Modes of Pollination: Percentage of out-crossing (1) Self-pollinated plants 51% (3) Often cross-pollinated plants 5-50%

Reproduction Modes in Major Crops Self-pollinated crops (rice, wheat, soybean, pea) Q Cross-pollinated crops(cotton, rape, sorghum) a Often cross-pollinated crops(maize, herm, sunflower) u vegetatively Propagated Crops(sweet potato, potato, sugarcane, garlic

Reproduction Modes in Major Crops ❑ Self-pollinated crops (rice, wheat, soybean, pea) ❑ Cross-pollinated crops (cotton, rape, sorghum) ❑ Often cross-pollinated crops (maize, herm, sunflower) ❑ Vegetatively Propagated Crops (sweet potato, potato, sugarcane, garlic)

图82五米的花

S2 Reproduction Modes, Genetic Characteristics and Breeding Methods in Plants 植物繁殖方式与遗传特点 1. Self-pollinated plants (Rice) Special genetic characteristics Y Genetically pure line or mixture of pure lines v Little inbreeding depression Breeding Methods Selection breeding Hybridization Heterosis Easy seed production

1. Self-pollinated plants (Rice) • Special genetic characteristics ✓ Genetically pure line or mixture of pure lines ✓ Little inbreeding depression • Breeding Methods Selection breeding Hybridization Heterosis Easy seed production §2 Reproduction Modes，Genetic Characteristics and Breeding Methods in Plants 植物繁殖方式与遗传特点

2. Cross-pollinated plants(maize, Rye, Herm) Special genetic characteristics Heterogeneous population Heterozygous plants Big Inbreeding depression Breeding methods Heterosis(Inbred-line hybrids Seed Multiplication Isolated

2. Cross-pollinated plants (maize, Rye, Herm) • Special genetic characteristics Heterogeneous population Heterozygous plants Big Inbreeding depression • Breeding Methods Heterosis (Inbred-line hybrids) Seed Multiplication Isolated