南京农业大学：《生物化学 Biochemistry》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第八章 糖及糖的分解代谢（8.2）糖酵解

第二节擔酵解 glycolysis Louis pasteur in his laboratory

第二节 糖酵解 glycolysis Louis Pasteur in his laboratory

糖酵解的概念 定义 指葡萄糖通过一系列步骤,降解成三碳 化合物(丙酮酸)的过程。 糖酵解途径又称EMP途径 (Embden-Meyerhof Parnas pathway)

一. 糖酵解的概念 指葡萄糖通过一系列步骤，降解成三碳 化合物（丙酮酸）的过程。 糖酵解途径又称 EMP途径 (Embden-Meyerhof Parnas pathway) 定义

糖酵解的概念 定义 Glucose occupies a central position in the metabolism of plants, animals, and many microorganisms. It is relatively rich in potential energy, and thus a good fuel; the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water proceeds with a standard free-energy change of 2, 840 kJ/mol

一. 糖酵解的概念 Glucose occupies a central position in the metabolism of plants, animals, and many microorganisms. It is relatively rich in potential energy, and thus a good fuel; the complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water proceeds with a standard free-energy change of 2,840 kJ/mol. 定义

糖酵解的概念 Glucose is not only an excellent fuel, it is also a remarkably versatile precursor, capable of supplying a huge array of metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic reactions a bacterium such as Escherichia coli can obtain from glucose the carbon skeletons for every amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, fatty acid, or other metabolic intermediate it needs for growth

一. 糖酵解的概念 Glucose is not only an excellent fuel, it is also a remarkably versatile precursor, capable of supplying a huge array of metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic reactions. A bacterium such as Escherichia coli can obtain from glucose the carbon skeletons for every amino acid, nucleotide, coenzyme, fatty acid, or other metabolic intermediate it needs for growth

糖酵解的概念 In glycolysis (from the greek glykys, meaning sweet” and lysis, meaning“ splitting”), a molecule of glucose is degraded in a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate derive most of their energy from glycolysis; many anaerobic microorganisms are entirely dependent on glycolysis

一. 糖酵解的概念 In glycolysis (from the Greek glykys, meaning “sweet,” and lysis, meaning “splitting”), a molecule of glucose is degraded in a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions to yield two molecules of the three-carbon compound pyruvate. derive most of their energy from glycolysis; many anaerobic microorganisms are entirely dependent on glycolysis

第一阶段 糖酵解的过程 第一步:葡萄糖的磷酸化 CHO CHO HC一OH HC-OH ATP ADP HO一CH HO一CH HC-OH 己糖激酶 HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH CHOH HC-OPO 葡萄糖 6-磷酸葡萄糖 激酶:催化将ATP上的磷酸基团转移到受体上的酶。激 酶都需要Mg2作为辅助因子

二. 糖酵解的过程 第一步：葡萄糖的磷酸化 第一阶段 激酶：催化将ATP上的磷酸基团转移到受体上的酶。激 酶都需要Mg2+作为辅助因子

第一阶段 二.糖酵解的过程 第一步:葡萄糖的磷酸化 CH2-OPO3 CHo-OH H/直 H ATP ADP H/直 H M OH H hexo kinase OH H HO OH HO OH H OH H OH Glucose Glucose 6-phosphate △G°=-167kJ/mol

二. 糖酵解的过程 第一步：葡萄糖的磷酸化 第一阶段

二.糖酵解的过程 Extracellular Cytoplasm fluid Glucose Glucose ATP ADP Glucose is kept in the cell Glucose. by phosphorylation to G6l ○6 phosphate which cannot easily cross the plasma membrane

二. 糖酵解的过程

第一阶段 糖酵解的过程 第二步:6-磷酸果糖的生成 CHO CHOH HC一OH HO一CH HO一CH HC-O丑6-碜酸葡萄糖异构酶 HC-OH HC-OH HC-OH H2C一OP2 HC-OPO2 6磷酸葡萄糖 6-磷酸果糖

二. 糖酵解的过程 第二步：6-磷酸果糖的生成 第一阶段

第一阶段 二.糖酵解的过程 第二步:6-磷酸果糖的生成 6 CH2OPO3 6 CHOPO O H/H H O CHOH 十 OH H HO OH PI hosphohexose H HO Isomerase H OH H OH OH H Glucose 6-phosphate Fructose 6-phosphate △G°=1.7kJ/mol

二. 糖酵解的过程 第二步：6-磷酸果糖的生成 第一阶段