上海交通大学：《有机化学》教程教学资源（英文讲稿）09 Aldehydes and Ketones

326 9. Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition Reactions

9. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions p.326

O menthon(薄荷酮) ionone(紫罗兰酮) 斑蝶毒素 N

N O CH3 O menthon(薄荷酮) O ionone(紫罗兰酮) 斑蝶毒素

CLS-Jasmone nyaroiasmone COCH CO2CH3 methyl jasmonate methyl dihydrojasmonate

O O O CO2CH3 O CO2CH3 cis-jasmone dihydrojasmone methyl jasmonate methyl dihydrojasmonate

HC-(CH2h入 CCH O2N NO C=0 HC-(CH2h Hrc CH civetone(灵猫酮) NO musk xylene((二甲苯麝香) CH=(CH2)12 CHo-C muscone(麝香酮) phantolide(粉麝香)

CH (CH2 )12 CH2 C O CH3 muscone(麝香酮) HC (CH2 )7 HC (CH2 )7 C O civetone(灵猫酮) C(CH3 )3 O2N NO2 H3C CH3 NO2 O musk xylene(二甲苯麝香) phantolide(粉檀麝香)

O HO 黄酮 入0葡萄糖 甘草甙 葡萄糖一O OH 大豆甙0

O O 黄酮 葡萄糖 O O OH O 大豆甙 葡萄糖 O O HO O 甘草甙

H CO,H COHN- PQQ HOC N O 乙酸菌醇脱水酶辅酶,V2发现后 经55年得以确定的新VB Nature 2003 4 25

N N O O CO2H CO2H HO2C H PQQ 乙酸菌醇脱水酶辅酶，VB12发现后 经55年得以确定的新VB Nature 2003 4 25

9. 1. Kinds of carbonyl Compounds 9.2 Structure and Properties of Carbonyl Groups O δ+ RH RR

9.1.Kinds of Carbonyl Compounds 9.2 Structure and Properties of Carbonyl Groups R R' O R H O d + d - d - d +

9.3 Naming aldehydes and Ketones Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -al The parent chain must contain the -CHO group, the--CHO carbon is numbered as c(1) If the-CHO group is attached to a ring, use the suffix for common names

9.3 Naming Aldehydes and Ketones • Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with –al • The parent chain must contain the ¾CHO group, the ¾CHO carbon is numbered as C(1) • If the ¾CHO group is attached to a ring, use the suffix for common names

Naming Ketones Replace the terminal -e of the alkane name with -one Parent chain is the longest one that contains the ketone group Numbering begins at the end nearer the carbonyl carbon

Naming Ketones • Replace the terminal -e of the alkane name with –one • Parent chain is the longest one that contains the ketone group –Numbering begins at the end nearer the carbonyl carbon

CH CHaCH CH.CHOCH CH..CHCH HOCH Ethanal Propanal 2-Ethyl-4-methylpentanal (Acetaldehyde) (Propionaldehyde) CH,,CCH,CH,CHs CH, CH= CCHs 6354321 CH3CH2CCHCCH3 345 Hexanone 4-Hexen-2-one 2.4-Hexanedione ②2004 Thomso