《综合英语》课程教学资源Ⅱ_48290_课程资源_综合英语Ⅱ_Unit 1_课文文本_Unit1 Another School Year——-What For？

ContentsXIVAcknowledgements.XVIIAbbreviations.Pronunciation TableXVIIIUnit1Text A Another School Year-WhatFor?225TextBUnforgettableMissBessie31Unit2.32TextA SayYesText B Arrangement in Black and White5259Unit3.60Text A The Rite of Spring81Text B What My Garden Taught Me—the Hard WayUnit487.88TextATheMan intheWaterTextB TwoHeroesfor thePrice of One108Unit5113TextAQuick Fix Society.114TextB HookedontheQuickFix135XI

XI Acknowledgements .XIV Abbreviations. XVII Pronunciation Table.XVIII Unit 1. 1 Text A Another School Year—What For? . 2 Text B Unforgettable Miss Bessie . 25 Unit 2. 31 Text A Say Yes. 32 Text B Arrangement in Black and White . 52 Unit 3. 59 Text A The Rite of Spring . 60 Text B What My Garden Taught Me—the Hard Way . 81 Unit 4. 87 Text A The Man in the Water. 88 Text B Two Heroes for the Price of One . 108 Unit 5.113 Text A Quick Fix Society .114 Text B Hooked on the Quick Fix. 135 Contents

Unit6141TextA Wisdomof BearWood,142Text B Baby Birds164Unit 7.169Inter-Lesson ()169..181Unit8.182Text A The Man in AsbestosTextBHarrisonBergeron204..211Unit9..212Text A Confessionsof a Miseducated Man232Text B Understanding Society and Culture Through EatingUnit10239.240TextA Pompeii259Text B The Dog of Pompei.Unit11265.266TextAButton,ButtonTextBADoctor'sDilem.288.293Unit12.294TextA AFundamental TechniqueinHandlingPeople.315TextBRemember,We'reRaisingChildren,NotFlowers!Unit13.319320TextA Mr.Imagination341Text B Mr.Phileas Fogg's Wager of f20,000Unit14347347Inter-Lesson (II)XII

XII Unit 6.141 Text A Wisdom of Bear Wood . 142 Text B Baby Birds . 164 Unit 7. 169 Inter-Lesson (I) . 169 Unit 8.181 Text A The Man in Asbestos. 182 Text B Harrison Bergeron.204 Unit 9.211 Text A Confessions of a Miseducated Man. 212 Text B Understanding Society and Culture Through Eating. 232 Unit 10. 239 Text A Pompeii. 240 Text B The Dog of Pompeii. 259 Unit 11. 265 Text A Button, Button. 266 Text B A Doctor’s Dilemma. 288 Unit 12. 293 Text A A Fundamental Technique in Handling People. 294 Text B Remember, We’re Raising Children, Not Flowers!. 315 Unit 13.319 Text A Mr. Imagination . 320 Text B Mr. Phileas Fogg’s Wager of £20,000. 341 Unit 14. 347 Inter-Lesson (II). 347

Unit15.357.358TextAObama'sVictorySpeech381TextB Obama's Speech at Shanghai ScienceandTechnologyMuseum.389Unit16.390Text A The Oyster and the Pearl.Text B TheLast Word Was Love423429GlossaryListLanguageItems.444GrammarTerms.456XII

XIII Unit 15. 357 Text A Obama’s Victory Speech . 358 Text B Obama’s Speech at Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. 381 Unit 16. 389 Text A The Oyster and the Pearl. 390 Text B The Last Word Was Love . 423 Glossary List . 429 Language Items.444 Grammar Terms . 456

Unit1Text A Another School Year-What For?Text B Unforgettable Miss Bessie现代大学英语ContemporaryCollegeEnglish现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd2011.9.14 4:32:11 PM

现代大学英语 Contemporary College English Unit 1 Text A Another School Year—What For? Text B Unforgettable Miss Bessie 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 1 2011.9.14 4:32:11 PM

ContemporaryCollegeEnglishText AAnotherSchool YearWhat For?John CiardiLetmetell you oneof theearliestdisasters inmycareer asateacher.It was January of1940 andIwas freshout of graduate school startingmyfirst semesterat the Universityof Kansas City.Part of the student body was a beanpolewithhair on topwho came intomy class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say"All right, teach mesomething." Two weeks later we started Hamlet.Three weeks later he came into my officewith his hands on his hips."Look,"he said,"I came here to be a pharmacist.Why do I havetoread this stuff?"And not having a book of his own topointto,hepointed tominewhichwaslyingon thedeskNewasI was tothefaculty,I could havetold this specimena number of things.I couldhave pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college现代大学英语正文2011.933170

Contemporary College English 2 Text A John Ciardi 1 Let me tell you one of the earliest disasters in my career as a teacher. It was January of 1940 and I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say “All right, teach me something.” Two weeks later we started Hamlet. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hands on his hips. “Look,” he said, “I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?” And not having a book of his own to point to, he pointed to mine which was lying on the desk. 2 New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college Another School Year— What For? 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 2 2011.9.14 4:32:12 PM

Unit 1and that at theend of his course hemeant to reach fora scroll that would read Bachelorof Science.It would not read:Qualified Pill-GrindingTechnician.Itwould certifythat hehad specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to someof the ideas mankind has generated within its history.That is to say,he had not entered atechnical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both trainingand educationI could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn't going to be around longenoughforittomatterNevertheless, I was young and I had ahigh sense of dutyand I tried toput it this way:“Forthe rest of your life,"I said, your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hoursTheywill be a littleshorter whenyouarein love,and a little longer whenyou areout oflove,but theaveragewill tend tohold.For eightofthesehours,more orless,you will beasleep.""Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed.Assumeyouhavegonethrough pharmacy school-or engineering,or law school,orwhatever-during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You willsee to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn't jump the fence, orthat your clientdoesn't go tothe electric chairas a result of yourincompetence.Theseareall useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring youbasicsatisfactions.Alongwitheverythingelse,theywillprobablybewhatputsfood onyour table, supports you wife,and rears your children. They will be your income, and mayit always suffice."But having finished the day's work, what do you do with those other eight hours? Let'ssayyou go hometoyour family.What sort offamilyare youraising?Will the children everbe exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? Will you be presiding over a familythat maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect? Will there be a book in thehouse? Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering?Will thekids everget tohear Bach?"That is about what I said, but thisparticular pest was not interested.“Look."he said,youprofessorsraiseyourkidsyourway:I'll takecareofmy own.Me,I'm outtomakemoney."I hope you make a lot of it, I told him, “because you're going to be badly stuck forsomethingtodowhen you're not signingchecks.Fourteen years laterI am still teaching,and I am here to tell you that the business of the3现代大学英语正文

Unit 1 3 and that at the end of his course he meant to reach for a scroll that would read Bachelor of Science. It would not read: Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education. 3 I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter. 4 Nevertheless, I was young and I had a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way: “For the rest of your life,” I said, “your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours. They will be a little shorter when you are in love, and a little longer when you are out of love, but the average will tend to hold. For eight of these hours, more or less, you will be asleep.” 5 “Then for about eight hours of each working day you will, I hope, be usefully employed. Assume you have gone through pharmacy school—or engineering, or law school, or whatever—during those eight hours you will be using your professional skills. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. These are all useful pursuits. They involve skills every man must respect, and they can all bring you basic satisfactions. Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports you wife, and rears your children. They will be your income, and may it always suffice. 6 “But having finished the day’s work, what do you do with those other eight hours? Let’s say you go home to your family. What sort of family are you raising? Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect? Will there be a book in the house? Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering? Will the kids ever get to hear Bach?” 7 That is about what I said, but this particular pest was not interested. “Look,” he said, “you professors raise your kids your way; I’ll take care of my own. Me, I’m out to make money.” 8 “I hope you make a lot of it,” I told him, “because you’re going to be badly stuck for something to do when you’re not signing checks.” 9 Fourteen years later I am still teaching, and I am here to tell you that the business of the 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 3 2011.9.14 4:32:12 PM

Contemporary CollegeEnglishcollege is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human mindshave thought.If you have no time for Shakespeare,for a basic look at philosophy,for thecontinuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man's development we call history—thenyou have no business being in college.You are on your way to being that new speciesof mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Our colleges inevitably graduate anumber ofsuch lifeforms,but itcannot be said thatthey went to college;ratherthecollegewentthrough themwithoutmakingcontact.Noonegetstobea humanbeingunaided.Thereisnot timeenoughina single lifetimeto10invent for oneself everything one needs toknow in order tobe a civilized human.Assume, for example, that you want to be a physicist. You pass the great stone halls of,11say,M.I.T.,and there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists.The chances are thatfewifanyof you will leaveyournamestobecutintothosestones.Yetanyofyouwhomanaged to stayawakethroughpart of a high school course inphysics,knows more aboutphysics than did many of those great scholars of the past.Youknow more because they leftyou what theyknew, because you can start from what the past learnedfor you.12And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankind's spiritualresources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books.Booksare man's peculiar accomplishment. When you have read a book, you have added toyour human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer's mind.Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil,Dante, Shakespearethe list is endless.For a great book is necessarily a gift, it offers youa lifeyou havenotthetimeto liveyourself, and ittakes you into a world you havenotthe time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains manysuch lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proudofyourownlimitations,toacceptasagifttoyourhumanitysomepiecesofthemindsofAristotle,orChaucer orEinsteinyouare neitheradeveloped human nor auseful citizen ofademocracy.I think it was La Rochefoucauld who said that most people would never fall in love if they13hadn't read about it. He might have said that no one would ever manage to become humaniftheyhadn'treadaboutit.I speak, I'm sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of thespecialized schools as well, when I say that a university has no real existence and no realpurpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans,with those human mindsyour humanmind needs to include.Thefaculty,by its very4现代大学英语正文

Contemporary College English 4 college is not only to train you, but to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought. If you have no time for Shakespeare, for a basic look at philosophy, for the continuity of the fine arts, for that lesson of man’s development we call history—then you have no business being in college. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact. 10 No one gets to be a human being unaided. There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. 11 Assume, for example, that you want to be a physicist. You pass the great stone halls of, say, M.I.T., and there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists. The chances are that few if any of you will leave your names to be cut into those stones. Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics than did many of those great scholars of the past. You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you. 12 And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankind’s spiritual resources. Most of these resources, both technical and spiritual, are stored in books. Books are man’s peculiar accomplishment. When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. Read Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homer’s mind. Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare—the list is endless. For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the time to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. If you are too much in a hurry, or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. 13 I think it was La Rochefoucauld who said that most people would never fall in love if they hadn’t read about it. He might have said that no one would ever manage to become human if they hadn’t read about it. 14 I speak, I’m sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well, when I say that a university has no real existence and no real purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. The faculty, by its very 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 4 2011.9.14 4:32:12 PM

Unit 1existence, says implicitly:"We have been aided by many people, and by many books, inour attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience.We are here tomakeavailabletoyou,asbestwecan,that expertise."(1.234words)Notes on the Text1.AbouttheauthorandthetextJohn Ciardi(1916-1986)was an accomplishedpoetand essayistwhowas bestknownforhis translation of Dante's Inferno in the United States.The text here is adapted from a speechhemadeat theCollegeof Menat Rutgers UniversityasanAssociateProfessorof Englishatthe opening ceremony of the1954 school year.The essay was first published in the RutgersAlumniMonthly,November,19542. Hamlet (para. 1)This isoneof Shakespeare'smostfamoustragedies.Hamlet isthePrinceof Denmark,and isa serious,andunhappyyoung man who is unabletodecidehowhefeels and whatheshoulddo.Called upon by his father's ghost to avenge his murderer, he is trapped between thoughtandaction.ThestoryrevealedShakespeare'sdeepunderstandingofhumanflawsandbecameoneofthebestknowninWesternculture.3. drugstore-mechanics school and Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician (para.2)The author is making up a namefor thekind ofvocational schools whichtrain students tohave some basic skills for the needs of the job market.Noticethe author's sarcastictone toconvey his idea about the difference between university education and vocational schooltraining.4.Bachelorof Science (para.2)A Bachelor's degree is the first level of university degree. A student majoring in naturalsciences will get a"Bachelor of Science"degree upon graduation while those majoring inliberal arts or humanities will geta"Bachelor of Arts"degree.5.Bach(para.6)巴赫JohannSebastianBach(1685-1750),aGermancomposer.Althoughhewasinhisowntime chieflyknown as an organist,heis now universally recognized as one of thegreatestcomposers in history.Much of Bach's music was religious in inspiration as he wrote morethan200churchcantatas（大合唱）6.Shakespeare(para.9）莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)isthemostfamousEnglish-languagepoetandplaywrightin the world.He is said to have written 39 plays and more than 154 sonnets which are5现代大学英语正文理nindd

Unit 1 5 Notes on the Text existence, says implicitly: “We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience. We are here to make available to you, as best we can, that expertise.” (1,234 words) 1. About the author and the text John Ciardi (1916–1986) was an accomplished poet and essayist who was best known for his translation of Dante’s Inferno in the United States. The text here is adapted from a speech he made at the College of Men at Rutgers University as an Associate Professor of English at the opening ceremony of the 1954 school year. The essay was first published in the Rutgers Alumni Monthly, November, 1954. 2. Hamlet (para. 1) This is one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies. Hamlet is the Prince of Denmark, and is a serious, and unhappy young man who is unable to decide how he feels and what he should do. Called upon by his father’s ghost to avenge his murderer, he is trapped between thought and action. The story revealed Shakespeare’s deep understanding of human flaws and became one of the best known in Western culture. 3. drugstore-mechanics school and Qualified Pill-Grinding Technician (para. 2) The author is making up a name for the kind of vocational schools which train students to have some basic skills for the needs of the job market. Notice the author’s sarcastic tone to convey his idea about the difference between university education and vocational school training. 4. Bachelor of Science (para. 2) A Bachelor’s degree is the first level of university degree. A student majoring in natural sciences will get a “Bachelor of Science” degree upon graduation while those majoring in liberal arts or humanities will get a “Bachelor of Arts” degree. 5. Bach (para. 6) 巴赫 Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), a German composer. Although he was in his own time chiefly known as an organist, he is now universally recognized as one of the greatest composers in history. Much of Bach’s music was religious in inspiration as he wrote more than 200 church cantatas (大合唱). 6. Shakespeare (para. 9) 莎士比亚 William Shakespeare (1564–1616) is the most famous English-language poet and playwright in the world. He is said to have written 39 plays and more than 154 sonnets which are 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 5 2011.9.14 4:32:12 PM

Contemporary College Englishconsidered masterpieces by students of arts and literature all over the world. Some ofShakespeare's best-known and most successful plays includeHamlet,Julius Caesar.Macbeth,Othello,RichardIll,HenryIVandAMidsummerNight'sDream（《仲夏夜之梦》）7. M.1.T. (para.11)It is the abbreviation for Massachusetts InstituteofTechnology.Founded in1861,this privateuniversityislocatedinCambridge,Mass.,USA8.Homer(para.12）荷马Homer,a Greekpoetwhoprobablylivedinthe8thcenturyBC.Homerwasbelievedtobethe creator of the lliad and the Odyssey. Concerned with the Trojan War, these two poemsweretheearliestepicpoems inGreek literature9.Virgil（para.12）维吉尔Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 BC), a great Roman poet who is best known for his epicpoems describingthefall of Troyand thefoundingof Rome10.Dante(para.12)但丁AlighieriDante(1265-1321)wasanItalianpoet.Hismasterpiece,TheDivineComedy（《神曲》)describes the journey ofa religious pilgrim through hell, purgatory and heaven.One ofthefirst writers to abandon Latinfor thevernacularlanguageofthepeople, Dante's work isviewedasthebeginningoftheRenaissance（文艺复兴）11.Aristotle（para.12)亚里斯多德Aristotle(385-323BC)was one of the greatest philosophers in ancient Greece.Hewroteabout40o books,whichincludeworkson logic,language,art,ethics,politics,law,psychology,physiology,zoology,biology,botany,chemistry,astronomy,mechanics,mathematics,philosophyof scienceandthelawsofmotion,spaceandtime.Wecanperhapssay that no other person has ever influenced the thinking of so many people for so long incourse of Western civilization.12.Chaucer（para.12）乔叟GeoffreyChaucer(1340-1400),anEnglishpoet,whoestablishedEnglishasaliterarylanguage.Hismostrepresentative work CanterburyTales isanexcellent source ofinformation on the life andcustoms of late medieval England.13.Einstein（para.12）爱因斯坦AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)wasaGermanbornSwiss-Americantheoreticalphysicistgenerally regarded as one of history's greatest scientists and one of the most intelligent现代大学英语正文

Contemporary College English 6 considered masterpieces by students of arts and literature all over the world. Some of Shakespeare’s best-known and most successful plays include Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Othello, Richard III, Henry IV and A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《( 仲夏夜 之梦》). 7. M.I.T. (para. 11) It is the abbreviation for Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Founded in 1861, this private university is located in Cambridge, Mass., USA. 8. Homer (para. 12) 荷马 Homer, a Greek poet who probably lived in the 8th century BC. Homer was believed to be the creator of the Iliad and the Odyssey. Concerned with the Trojan War, these two poems were the earliest epic poems in Greek literature. 9. Virgil (para. 12) 维吉尔 Publius Vergilius Maro (70–19 BC), a great Roman poet who is best known for his epic poems describing the fall of Troy and the founding of Rome. 10. Dante (para. 12) 但丁 Alighieri Dante (1265–1321) was an Italian poet. His masterpiece, The Divine Comedy (《神 曲》) describes the journey of a religious pilgrim through hell, purgatory and heaven. One of the first writers to abandon Latin for the vernacular language of the people, Dante’s work is viewed as the beginning of the Renaissance (文艺复兴). 11. Aristotle (para. 12) 亚里斯多德 Aristotle (385–323 BC) was one of the greatest philosophers in ancient Greece. He wrote about 400 books, which include works on logic, language, art, ethics, politics, law, psychology, physiology, zoology, biology, botany, chemistry, astronomy, mechanics, mathematics, philosophy of science and the laws of motion, space and time. We can perhaps say that no other person has ever influenced the thinking of so many people for so long in course of Western civilization. 12. Chaucer (para. 12) 乔叟 Geoffrey Chaucer (1340–1400), an English poet, who established English as a literary language. His most representative work Canterbury Tales is an excellent source of information on the life and customs of late medieval England. 13. Einstein (para. 12) 爱因斯坦 Albert Einstein (1879–1955) was a German born Swiss-American theoretical physicist， generally regarded as one of history’s greatest scientists and one of the most intelligent 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 6 2011.9.14 4:32:13 PM

Unit 1people the world has ever known. Much of this Nobel Prize-winner's reputation actually restsonthreepapershepublished in1915, inwhichheset out theSpecial Theory of RelativityHe established the validity of the quantum theory of light, proposed a mathematical theoryofBrownianmotionandwrotethefamousformulaE=mc2,to explaintherelationshipbetweenmatter and energy.This formula wastobeused40years later inthedevelopmentof theatomicbomb.The implications ofhis papers weresorevolutionary that few scientistsimmediately recognized their significance. In 1916, Einstein published the General Theoryof Relativity. The theory posited a curved four-dimentional universe, which replaced theNewtonian theory ofgravity,and is responsiblefor most cosmological concepts today.14.LaRochefoucauld(para.13）拉·罗什富科FransoisdeLa Rochefoucauld(1613-1680)wasaFrenchwriter of moralistaphorisms（格言：警句）publishedasMaxims（1665）15.liberal arts (para.14)School or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to thinkratherthanthosesubjectsthatdeveloppracticalskills文科Glossaryaccomplishmentn.theactoffinishing sth.completelyandsuccessfully,achievement/akpmplifmant/acquire/akwale(r)/v. to gain; to get for oneself by one's own workarrogantly'aragantli/advbehaving in a proud and self-important wayarts/aits/n.art,music,theatre,literature,etc.whenyouthinkofthemasagroup（统称）艺术：fine~美术aspirin/esparin/n. medicine commonly used in tablet form to relieve pain andreducefeverandinflammation阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）assume/a'sjurmwtotakeasafact,tosupposeavailable/a'veilabl/adj.able to be bought, used or easilyfoundaverage/aevorid3/vtocalculatetheaverageofsth.;~out其平均数为beanpole/bin,paul/n. (infiml) a very tall and thin personbull /bul/n.amalecowcertify/'s3itifal/v.tostatethatsth.istrueor correct,esp.aftersomekindoftestcivilized/'sivilaizd/adj.educatedand refined,havingan advanced cultureclient/'klaiont/n.a person who pays for help or advice from a person ororganization7现代大学英语正文Ip001-030.indd72011.9.14 4:32:13.PM

Unit 1 7 Glossary people the world has ever known. Much of this Nobel Prize-winner’s reputation actually rests on three papers he published in 1915, in which he set out the Special Theory of Relativity. He established the validity of the quantum theory of light, proposed a mathematical theory of Brownian motion and wrote the famous formula E=mc2 , to explain the relationship between matter and energy. This formula was to be used 40 years later in the development of the atomic bomb. The implications of his papers were so revolutionary that few scientists immediately recognized their significance. In 1916, Einstein published the General Theory of Relativity. The theory posited a curved four-dimentional universe, which replaced the Newtonian theory of gravity, and is responsible for most cosmological concepts today. 14. La Rochefoucauld (para. 13) 拉 · 罗什富科 Fransois de La Rochefoucauld (1613–1680) was a French writer of moralist aphorisms (格言；警句) published as Maxims (1665). 15. liberal arts (para. 14) School or college subjects that give students a general education and teach them to think rather than those subjects that develop practical skills 文科 accomplishment n. the act of finishing sth. completely and successfully; achievement /@9kÁmplISm@nt/ acquire /@9kwaI@(r)/ v. to gain; to get for oneself by one’s own work arrogantly /9{r@g@ntlI/ adv. behaving in a proud and self-important way arts /A:ts/ n. art, music, theatre, literature, etc. when you think of them as a group ( 统称 ) 艺术；fine ~ 美术 aspirin /9{sp@rIn/ n. medicine commonly used in tablet form to relieve pain and reduce fever and inflammation 阿司匹林（解热镇痛药） assume /@9sju:m/ v. to take as a fact; to suppose available /@9veIl@bl/ adj. able to be bought, used or easily found average /9{v@rIdZ/ v. to calculate the average of sth.; ~ out 其平均数为 beanpole /9bIn"p@Ul/ n. (infml) a very tall and thin person bull /bUl/ n. a male cow certify /9sÆ:tIfaI/ v. to state that sth. is true or correct, esp. after some kind of test civilized /9sIvIlaIzd/ adj. educated and refined; having an advanced culture client /9klaI@nt/ n. a person who pays for help or advice from a person or organization 现代大学英语正文1p001-030.indd 7 2011.9.14 4:32:13 PM