上海交通大学：《传热学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）CHAPTER 7 External flow

HEAT TRANSFER CHAPTER 7 External flow 们au #1 Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 1 HEAT TRANSFER CHAPTER 7 External flow

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Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 2 Looking for a job?

External Flow: Other Shapes Topic of the day oven Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 3 External Flow: Other Shapes Topic of the Day oven

External Flow: Other Shapes Where we’ ve been. Empirical correlations and analytical solutions Nur= t 0.332Re2Pr k Where we’ re going: applications to other shapes( cylinders and spheres Brief discussion on multiple objects (tube bundles) and jet impingement Internal flow next Textbook Sections 87.4-7.8 #4 Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 4 External Flow: Other Shapes Where we’ve been …… • Empirical correlations and analytical solutions Where we’re going: • Applications to other shapes (cylinders and spheres) • Brief discussion on multiple objects (tube bundles) and jet impingement. • Internal flow next ……….. Textbook Sections §7.4-7.8 3 1 2 1  = 0.332Rex Pr k h x Nu x x

Historical example Cooling of lead shot Molten eac oooo Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 5 Historical Example • Cooling of lead shot Molten lead

Background -Flow Considerations w x Wake Stagnation point Separation point Boundary layer Favorable Adverse pressuregradient pressure gradient aP aP 0 x ax Wake Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 6 Background – Flow Considerations Favorable pressure gradient  0   x P Adverse pressure gradient  0   x P Stagnation point Separation point Wake

Background- Flow Considerations(Contd) Boundary layer transition Laminar Laminar ransition Turbulent bound boundary boundary laver a layer → Rep≤2×10 Rep22×10 Separation Separation Momentum of fluid in a turbulent boundary layer is greater, and thus separation occur further along the object Example How fast must a soccer ball travel to expect a turbulent boundary layer? D 2×103×1589×10 144 D 0.22 But other factors also involved (surface roughness, wind, ball spin, etc.) Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 7 Background – Flow Considerations (Cont’d) • Boundary layer transition • Momentum of fluid in a turbulent boundary layer is greater, and thus separation occurs further along the object. Example How fast must a soccer ball travel to expect a turbulent boundary layer? But other factors also involved (surface roughness, wind, ball spin, etc.) s m D V D 14.4 0.22 Re 2 10 15.89 10 5 6 =    = = − 

Convection heat transfer for cylinder Complicated physics makes necessary using empirical(experimental)correlations of heat transfer coefficient and flow conditions Local nusselt number 800 700 600 ReD=219×10° 500 1.86x1 05 170×105 400 140×105 1.01×10 300 0.71×10 200 100 40 80 120 160 Angular coordinate, 0 Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 8 Convection heat transfer for cylinder • Complicated physics makes necessary using empirical (experimental) correlations of heat transfer coefficient and flow conditions. Local Nusselt number

Convection heat transfer for cylinder(Contd Generally want the overall average Nusselt number for heat transfer with the entire object As with a flat plate, correlations developed from experimental data to compute Nu as a f(rem, Pr) Overall Average nusselt number hD CRen Pr/3/Pr)147 k Pr 0.7<Pr<500 Valid for 1<Ren<10 All properties are evaluated at the freestream temperature, except Prs which is evaluated at the surface temperature Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 9 Convection heat transfer for cylinder (Cont’d) • Generally want the overall average Nusselt number for heat transfer with the entire object. • As with a flat plate, correlations developed from experimental data to compute Nu as a f(Rem,Prn ) Overall Average Nusselt number • All properties are evaluated at the freestream temperature, except Prs which is evaluated at the surface temperature.                   = = 6 1 4 1 3 1 Re 10 0.7 Pr 500 Valid for : Pr Pr Re Pr D s m D C D k hD Nu

Re C Values for c and m 1-40 0.75 0.4 40-1000 0.51 0.5 10-2×10 0.2 0.6 2×1010n 0.076 Expect accuracy within t 20% with these correlations The empirical correlation due to hilpert hD D C Ren pi 1/3 k Values of c and m are listed in Table 7.2 All properties are evaluated at the film temperature Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering

Heat Transfer Su Yongkang School of Mechanical Engineering # 10 • Values for C and m • Expect accuracy within  20% with these correlations • The empirical correlation due to Hilpert • Values of C and m are listed in Table 7.2. • All properties are evaluated at the film temperature. 1/3 Re Pr m D C D k hD Nu  =