《卫生经济学》课程参考文献（WHO年度报告）：World Health Report 2002_Reducing Risk Promoting Healthy Life_annex14_16

The World Health report 2002 Annex Table 14 Major burden of disease-leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries high mortality developing countries, 2000 Developing countries with high child and high or very high adult mortality (AFR-D, AFR-E, AMR-D, EMR-D, SEAR-D) DALYs Underweight HIV/AIDS Unsafe Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene s Diarrhoeal diseases Indoor smoke from sold fuels Childhood duster diseases Zinc defidency deficiency S Malaria Vitamin A defidency Unipolar depressive disorders e Tuberculosis 5041n21 cholesterol Road traffic injury aron deficiency disease burden is from matemal and perinatal causes, as well as direct effects of anaemia. Annex Table 15 Major burden of disease-leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries, low mortality developing countries, 2000 Developing countries with low cild and low adut mortal ty (AMR-B, EMR-B, SEAR-B, WPR-B) Risk factor D DALYs Disease or in Blood pressure Cerebrovascular diease 3.1 Road traffic injury s Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.8 会 ischaemic heart dise 32 Low fruit and vegetable intake Indoor smoke from sold fuels lon deficiency 18 Akohol use disorders 23 Unsafe water, sanitation and bygien Deafness Annex Table 16 Major burden of disease-leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries, developed countries, 2000 levek(AMR-A, EUR-A, EUR-B, EUR-C, WPR-A) Risk factor 26 DALYs ischaemic heart disease Blood pressure r Unipolar depressive disorders 72 Alcoho E> Cerebrovascular disease Alcohol use d orders Overweight Dementiaandother centralnerousspstemdisorders 3.0 B intake Deafness 28 Physical inactivity Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease licit drugs Road traffic injury lon deficiency Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers Unsafe sex disease burden is from HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted dseases. ron deficiency disease burden is from maternal and perinatal causes, as wellas direct effects of anaemia Preventive fractions due to akohol and cardiovascular disease in some regions are not shown in these tables NB. The selected risk factors cause diseases in addition to those relationships ilustrated, and additional risk factors 25-49% population attributable fraction are also important in the etiology of the diseases ustrated 5096+ population attributable fraction

232 The World Health Report 2002 Annex Table 14 Major burden of disease – leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries, high mortality developing countries, 2000 Developing countries with high child and high or very high adult mortality (AFR-D, AFR-E, AMR-D, EMR-D, SEAR-D) Risk factor % DALYs Disease or injury % DALYs Underweight 14.9 HIV/AIDS 9.0 Unsafe sex 10.2 Lower respiratory infections 8.2 Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene 5.5 Diarrhoeal diseases 6.3 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 3.7 Childhood cluster diseases 5.5 Zinc deficiency 3.2 Low birth weight 5.0 Iron deficiencya 3.1 Malaria 4.9 Vitamin A deficiency 3.0 Unipolar depressive disorders 3.1 Blood pressure 2.5 Ischaemic heart disease 3.0 Tobacco 2.0 Tuberculosis 2.9 Cholesterol 1.9 Road traffic injury 2.0 a Iron deficiency disease burden is from maternal and perinatal causes, as well as direct effects of anaemia. Annex Table 15 Major burden of disease – leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries, low mortality developing countries, 2000 Developing countries with low child and low adult mortality (AMR-B, EMR-B, SEAR-B, WPR-B) Risk factor % DALYs Disease or injury % DALYs Alcohol 6.2 Unipolar depressive disorders 5.9 Blood pressure 5.0 Cerebrovascular disease 4.7 Tobacco 4.0 Lower respiratory infections 4.1 Underweight 3.1 Road traffic injury 4.1 Overweight 2.7 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.8 Cholesterol 2.1 Ischaemic heart disease 3.2 Low fruit and vegetable intake 1.9 Birth asphyxia/trauma 2.6 Indoor smoke from solid fuels 1.9 Tuberculosis 2.4 Iron deficiency 1.8 Alcohol use disorders 2.3 Unsafe water, sanitation and hygienea 1.7 Deafness 2.2 a Unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene disease burden is from diarrhoeal diseases. Annex Table 16 Major burden of disease – leading 10 selected risk factors and leading 10 diseases and injuries, developed countries, 2000 Developed countries with very low or low child mortality levels (AMR-A, EUR-A, EUR-B, EUR-C, WPR-A) Risk factor % DALYs Disease or injury % DALYs Tobacco 12.2 Ischaemic heart disease 9.4 Blood pressure 10.9 Unipolar depressive disorders 7.2 Alcohol 9.2 Cerebrovascular disease 6.0 Cholesterol 7.6 Alcohol use disorders 3.5 Overweight 7.4 Dementia and other central nervous system disorders 3.0 Low fruit and vegetable intake 3.9 Deafness 2.8 Physical inactivity 3.3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2.6 Illicit drugs 1.8 Road traffic injury 2.5 Unsafe sexa 0.8 Osteoarthritis 2.5 Iron deficiencyb 0.7 Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 2.4 a Unsafe sex disease burden is from HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted diseases. b Iron deficiency disease burden is from maternal and perinatal causes, as well as direct effects of anaemia. Preventive fractions due to alcohol and cardiovascular disease in some regions are not shown in these tables. NB. The selected risk factors cause diseases in addition to those relationships illustrated, and additional risk factors are also important in the etiology of the diseases illustrated. 1-24% population attributable fraction 25-49% population attributable fraction 50%+ population attributable fraction